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. 2022 Mar 23;13:847905. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847905

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Copyright © 2022 Bai, Chen, Hu, Wang, Wu and Yu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Silibinin induced G1 arrest in cholangiocarcinoma. (A,B). Cholangiocarcinoma cell cycle distribution was determined using FCM analysis after treatment with IC50 and 2*IC50 concentrations of silibinin. The histograms show the percentage of HuCCT-1 and CCLP-1 cells in each phase. (C,D). Western blotting results of G1 checkpoint proteins. Cells were treated with IC50 and 2*IC50 concentrations of silibinin for 48 h. The quantification results of CDK2, CDK4, Cyclin E2 and p53 are demonstrated by histograms. Data are shown as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, significantly difference compared with control group.