FIGURE 4.

Silibinin induced apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells through the ERK/Cytochrome c pathway. (A). Expression of upstream proteins of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, as detected by western blotting. Cells were treated with IC50 and 2*IC50 concentrations of silibinin for 48 h (B). Cytochrome C expression in different parts after mitochondrial isolation. (C). The quantification results of western blotting. Data are shown as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, significantly different compared to the control group.