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. 2022 Mar 23;13:847905. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847905

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Copyright © 2022 Bai, Chen, Hu, Wang, Wu and Yu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Silibinin acts on the ERK protein, causing a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. (A,B). FCM results of the mitochondrial membrane potential changes in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Cells were treated with IC50 and 2*IC50 concentrations of silibinin for 48 h. Data is shown as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, significantly different compared to the control group. (C). Mitochondrial membrane potential changes were observed by confocal microscopy after silibinin treatment. Red fluorescence indicates aggregates and green fluorescence indicates monomers. (D). Colony formation assay results of HuCCT-1 and CCLP-1 cell lines treated with silibinin and SCH772984. (E). EdU proliferation assay results of HuCCT-1 and CCLP-1 cell lines treated with silibinin and SCH772984.