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. 2022 Mar 23;13:847905. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847905

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Copyright © 2022 Bai, Chen, Hu, Wang, Wu and Yu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Silibinin suppressed tumor growth in the cholangiocarcinoma xenograft model. (A). Anti-tumor activity of silibinin in tumor-bearing mice. Representative xenografts are shown. (B). Tumor weights of each group measured at the end of treatment. Data are shown as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, significantly different compared to the control group. (C). Tumor volumes of each group are measured in the indicated days of treatment. *p < 0.05 meant a significant difference compared to the control group at the end of the treatment. (D). H&E, Ki-67 and immunohistochemistry assays of cholangiocarcinoma tissue. (E,F). The expression of ERK and p-ERK proteins was detected in vivo, and quantification results are shown by histograms. Data is shown as mean ± SD, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, significantly different compared to the control group.