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. 2022 Mar 23;13:812338. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.812338

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Copyright © 2022 Ngai, Kalter, Byrd, Racz and He.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of significant cardiac AEs for COVID-19 and SLE patients treated with HCQ from the FAERS database. (A) Venn diagram of significant cardiac AEs for COVID-19 and SLE patients treated with HCQ. (B) OAE classification of significant cardiac AEs for COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ. (C) OAE classification of significant cardiac AEs for SLE patients treated with HCQ. The percentages next to the AE terms represent the occurrence rates of these AEs under the specific condition. The red sign of “X” next to the AE terms in (B,C) represent the shared AE for the two types of patients. Different cardiac AEs were found to be associated with HCQ following its usage for treating COVID-19 and lupus.