Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | Total N=2890 |
Non-PAS n=2210 (76.47%) |
PAS n=680 (23.53%) |
P value |
| Age | 61.68±10.79 | 60.90±10.80 | 64.23±10.35 | <0.0001 |
| BMI | 24.84±3.30 | 24.85±3.29 | 24.82±3.35 | 0.4375 |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 874 (30.24) | 608 (27.51) | 266 (39.12) | <0.0001 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Ischaemic stroke | 544 (18.82) | 400 (18.10) | 144 (21.18) | 0.0727 |
| TIA | 42 (1.45) | 31 (1.40) | 11 (1.62) | 0.6821 |
| Myocardial infarction | 39 (1.35) | 26 (1.18) | 13 (1.91) | 0.1462 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 71 (2.46) | 48 (2.17) | 23 (3.38) | 0.0746 |
| Hypertension | 1924 (66.57) | 1411 (63.85) | 513 (75.44) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 210 (7.27) | 157 (7.10) | 53 (7.79) | 0.5444 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 693 (23.98) | 487 (22.04) | 206 (30.29) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 23 (0.80) | 17 (0.77) | 6 (0.88) | 0.7716 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 955 (33.04) | 787 (35.61) | 168 (24.71) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.55±1.72 | 6.45±1.67 | 6.89±1.82 | <0.0001 |
| Missing | 1175 | 896 | 279 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.56±1.07 | 2.51±1.05 | 2.71±1.13 | <0.0001 |
| Missing | 116 | 82 | 34 | |
| Antiplatelet therapy, n (%) | ||||
| Single antiplatelet | 1196 | 929 (42.04) | 267 (39.26) | 0.3449 |
| Dual antiplatelet | 1622 | 1229 (55.61) | 393 (57.79) | |
| None or missing | 72 | 52 (2.35) | 20 (2.94) | |
| Statin therapy, n (%) | ||||
| Statin standard treatment | 727 (25.16) | 551 (24.93) | 176 (25.88) | 0.6843 |
| Statin intensive treatment | 2163 (74.84) | 1659 (75.07) | 504 (74.12) | 0.6175 |
| Thrombolytic therapy, n (%) | 176 (6.09) | 139 (6.29) | 37 (5.44) | 0.4185 |
| MRI features | ||||
| Diameter of infarction | 11.51±4.41 | 11.47±4.36 | 11.69±4.60 | 0.2017 |
| Outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| NIHSS score | ||||
| <4 | 1511 (52.28) | 1195 (54.07) | 316 (46.47) | 0.0005 |
| ≥4 | 1379 (47.72) | 1015 (45.93) | 364 (53.53) | |
| 3 months | ||||
| Ischaemic stroke | 152 (5.26) | 87 (3.94) | 65 (9.56) | <0.0001 |
| Composite vascular event | 160 (5.54) | 91 (4.12) | 69 (10.15) | <0.0001 |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 4 (0.14) | 2 (0.09) | 2 (0.29) | 0.2117 |
| mRS score | ||||
| 0–2 | 2547 (89.34) | 1973 (90.50) | 574 (85.54) | 0.0003 |
| 3–6 | 304 (10.66) | 207 (9.50) | 97 (14.46) | |
| Missing | 39 | 30 | 9 | |
| 12 months | ||||
| Ischaemic stroke | 225 (7.79) | 137 (6.20) | 88 (12.94) | <0.0001 |
| Composite vascular events | 254 (8.79) | 157 (7.10) | 97 (14.26) | <0.0001 |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 19 (0.66) | 14 (0.63) | 5 (0.74) | 0.7739 |
| mRS score | ||||
| 0–2 | 2561 (90.78) | 1986 (92.03) | 575 (86.73) | <0.0001 |
| 3–6 | 260 (9.22) | 172 (7.97) | 88 (13.27) | |
| Missing | 69 | 52 | 17 | |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PAS, parent artery stenosis; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.