Table 3.
Correlation coefficients.
| DIVPAYER | DIV | AMBIGUITY | LOSS | RISK | STRATEGY | SIZE | LEVERAGE | BM | INDPEND | INST | FCF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIVPAYER | 1.000 | 0.894*** | −0.161*** | −0.004 | −0.364*** | −0.015 | 0.334*** | 0.154*** | −0.101*** | 0.169*** | −0.221*** | 0.055*** |
| DIV | 0.593*** | 1.000 | −0.217*** | −0.024** | −0.446*** | −0.001 | 0.423*** | 0.179*** | −0.168*** | 0.248*** | −0.261*** | 0.092*** |
| AMBIGUITY | −0.100*** | −0.102*** | 1.000 | 0.013 | 0.381*** | −0.027*** | −0.192*** | −0.042*** | 0.344*** | −0.087*** | 0.024** | −0.133*** |
| LOSS | −0.004 | −0.035*** | −0.009 | 1.000 | −0.014 | −0.153*** | 0.083*** | 0.023** | 0.131*** | 0.012 | 0.017* | −0.007 |
| RISK | −0.340*** | −0.336*** | 0.183*** | −0.022** | 1.000 | 0.015 | −0.379*** | −0.091*** | 0.231*** | −0.219*** | 0.065*** | −0.096** |
| STRATEGY | −0.011 | 0.012 | 0.006 | −0.163*** | 0.021** | 1.000 | 0.051*** | 0.064*** | −0.051*** | −0.028*** | −0.041*** | 0.087*** |
| SIZE | 0.345*** | 0.444*** | −0.085*** | 0.082*** | −0.337*** | 0.046*** | 1.000 | 0.381*** | −0.101*** | 0.256*** | −0.106*** | 0.213*** |
| LEVERAGE | 0.130*** | 0.138*** | 0.022** | 0.019** | −0.038*** | 0.055*** | 0.332*** | 1.000 | 0.026*** | 0.137*** | −0.046*** | −0.061*** |
| BM | −0.124*** | −0.182*** | 0.179*** | 0.107*** | 0.259*** | −0.047*** | −0.089*** | 0.056*** | 1.000 | −0.038*** | 0.070*** | −0.386*** |
| INDPEND | 0.143*** | 0.215*** | −0.013 | 0.012 | −0.198*** | −0.028*** | 0.223*** | 0.092*** | −0.026*** | 1.000 | 0.141*** | 0.009 |
| INST | −0.200*** | −0.222*** | −0.020** | 0.016 | −0.033*** | −0.027*** | −0.119*** | −0.040*** | 0.005 | 0.202*** | 1.000 | −0.007 |
| FCF | 0.047*** | 0.109*** | −0.076*** | −0.008 | −0.085*** | 0.098*** | 0.164*** | −0.098*** | −0.305*** | 0.011 | 0.007 | 1.000 |
This table presents the Pearson and Spearman correlations for the sample observations for all the main variables used. The left triangle shows the Pearson Coefficient, and the right shows the Spearman Coefficient. *, ** and *** mean statistical significance at 10, 5 and 1%, respectively.