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. 2022 Mar 23;13:826792. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826792

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Copyright © 2022 Zhai, Liu, Tong, Yu, Yang, Gu and Niu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EMPA limited AT1-AA-induced podocyte damage in vitro. (A) CCK8 assays of the effect of EMPA on podocyte viability (n = 3). (B) Representative Western blots for synaptopodin, nephrin and podocin in cultured podocytes. Semiquantitative analysis of Western blots for (C) synaptopodin (n = 3), (D) nephrin (n = 3) and (E) podocin (n = 3). (F) The graph displays the mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs) obtained from flow cytometric analysis of intracellular ROS (n = 3). (G) Representative flow cytometry histogram for DCF in the four groups. (H) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for podocin and F-actin. Scale bars: upper panel, 50 μm; lower panel, 20 μm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and were analyzed by ANOVA with LSD post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.