TABLE 2.
Potential biomarkers in copper-laden HLD hepatocytes detected by RPLC-Q-TOF/MS and their variation tendency (NEG and POS).
| No | Features (tR- m/z) | Cal. m/z | Delta m/z (ppm) | VIP | VIP | Metabolite identification | Formula | Ion form | Fragment ions | Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C a /M b | M/G c | M/C | G/M | ||||||||
| 1 | 14.93_750.5472 | 750.5443 | 3.9 | 1.62 | 1.45 | PE [20:4 (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/P-18:0] | C43H78NO7P | M-H | 303.2314 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 2 | 14.84_776.5684 | 776.5684 | 0 | 2.18 | 1.51 | PE [22:5 (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/P-18:0] | C45H80NO7P | M-H | 462.2978, 331.2635 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 3 | 14.55_834.5309 | 834.5291 | 2.2 | 1.03 | 1.05 | PS(22:6 [4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:0] | C46H78NO10P | M-H | 327.2201, 283.2606 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 4 | 11.30_861.5532 | 861.5499 | 3.8 | 4.17 | 2.40 | PI[18:2 (9Z,12Z)/18:0] | C45H83O13P | M-H | 581.3096, 283.2606, 241.0166 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 5 | 10.84_866.5963 | 866.5917 | 5.3 | 7.92 | 5.16 | PE [22:1 (13Z)/20:4 (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)] | C5H7NO3 | M-H | 303.2349 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 6 | 4.14_482.3258 | 482.3241 | 3.5 | 1.39 | 1.14 | LysoPE (18:0/0:0) | C23H48NO7P | M + H | 341.3078, 323.2951 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 7 | 3.35_496.3415 | 496.3398 | 3.4 | 2.34 | 1.81 | LysoPC(16:0/0:0) | C24H50NO7P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 8 | 4.03_524.3730 | 524.3711 | 3.6 | 2.16 | 1.52 | LysoPC(18:0/0:0) | C26H54NO7P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 9 | 11.38_605.5479 | 605.5509 | 5.0 | 1.06 | 1.26 | DG (18:0/0:0/18:1n7) | C39H74O5 | M + H-H2O | 605.5486, 323.2933 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 10 | 11.89_667.5217 | 667.5272 | 8.2 | 1.28 | 1.18 | DG [22:4 (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3 (6Z,9Z,12Z)/0:0] | C41H72O5 | M + Na | 667.5309, 335.2493 | ↑ | ↓ |
| 11 | 11.21_706.5393 | 706.5381 | 1.7 | 2.44 | 3.58 | PC(16:0/14:0) | C38H76NO8P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 12 | 12.60_717.5894 | 717.5905 | 1.5 | 1.86 | 1.76 | SM(d19:1/16:0) | C40H81N2O6P | M + H | - | ↓ | ↑ |
| 13 | 9.44_730.5400 | 730.5381 | 2.6 | 2.49 | 2.19 | PC[18:2 (9Z,12Z)/14:0] | C40H76NO8P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 14 | 11.26_732.5525 | 732.5538 | 1.8 | 5.51 | 6.96 | PC[16:1 (9Z)/16:0] | C40H78NO8P | M + H | 549.4932, 494.3158, 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 15 | 12.60_746.5686 | 746.5694 | 1.1 | 3.71 | 3.31 | PC[15:0/18:1 (11Z)] | C41H80NO8P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 16 | 9.91_756.5547 | 756.5538 | 1.2 | 1.91 | 1.47 | PC[20:3 (8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0] | C42H78NO8P | M + H | 363.2894, 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 17 | 14.08_760.5851 | 760.5851 | 0 | 7.59 | 6.59 | PC[20:0/14:1 (9Z)] | C42H82NO8P | M + H | 571.5199, 227.2030, 166.0644 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 18 | 12.58_772.5808 | 772.5851 | 5.6 | 2.91 | 3.54 | PC[15:0/20:2 (11Z,14Z)] | C43H82NO8P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 19 | 9.50_780.5561 | 780.5538 | 2.9 | 3.10 | 1.42 | PC[20:4 (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1 (9Z)] | C44H78NO8P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 20 | 9.50_806.5717 | 806.5694 | 2.9 | 2.96 | 1.97 | PC[20:5 (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1 (11Z)] | C46H80NO8P | M + H | 323.2900, 247.2437, 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 21 | 10.89_808.5849 | 808.5849 | 0 | 5.03 | 5.33 | PC[20:3 (8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2 (9Z,12Z)] | C46H82NO8P | M + H | 623.4977, 321.2749, 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 22 | 9.94_810.5989 | 810.6007 | 2.2 | 3.39 | 6.93 | PC[22:4 (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:0] | C46H84NO8P | M + H | 627.5403, 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 23 | 14.42_812.6144 | 812.6164 | 2.5 | 1.46 | 1.13 | PC[16:1 (9Z)/22:2 (13Z,16Z)] | C46H86NO8P | M + H | 627.5352, 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 24 | 10.18_832.5857 | 832.5851 | 0.7 | 3.85 | 2.32 | PC[20:4 (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3 (5Z,8Z,11Z)] | C48H82NO8P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
| 25 | 10.82_834.6011 | 834.6011 | 0 | 3.12 | 1.32 | PC[20:4 (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2 (11Z,14Z)] | C48H84NO8P | M + H | 184.0744 | ↓ | ↑ |
a
C means shNC group.
b
M means shATP7B + Cu group.
c
G means GDD group.
Change of potential biomarkers in copper-laden HLD, hepatocytes among groups were statistically analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis and ANOVA. Significant changed biomarkers were flagged with (↓) content decreased and (↑) content increased. p-values were calculated by Student’s t-test (threshold < 0.05).