TABLE 2.

Factors for acceptance of PIs, univariate and multivariate analysis.

Pharmacist interventions, all	Percentage of acceptance	Univariate percentage difference adjusted for pharmacist (%)	p univariate	Multivariate percentage difference (%)	p multivariate
Pharmacist
Postgraduate pharmacist	1158/1426 (81.2%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Pharmacy resident	1257/1504 (83.6%)	−3 (−21.2; 15.1)	0.73	−3 (−15.7; 9.8)	0.64
Prescriber
Postgraduate physician	586/802 (73.1%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Medical resident	1829/2,128 (85.9%)	5.4 (2.2; 8.6)	0.0008	4.4 (1.2; 7.6)	0.007
Patient gender
Male	1190/1421 (83.7%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Female	1225/1509 (81.2%)	1.9 (−0.5; 4.3)	0.13	2.5 (0.1; 4.9)	0.0412
Patient age
≤59	716/773 (92.6%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
60–69	545/595 (91.6%)	−0.7 (−4.3; 2.8)	0.68	−0.4 (−3.8; 3.1)	0.82
70–79	465/569 (81.7%)	−3.7 (−7.4; 0)	0.0529	−2.6 (−6.2; 1)	0.16
80–89	485/682 (71.1%)	0.3 (−3.8; 4.4)	0.88	1.2 (−2.8; 5.2)	0.56
≥90 years	204/311 (65.6%)	−1.9 (−7; 3.3)	0.48	0.8 (−4.3; 5.9)	0.75
Problem encountered a
Non-compliance with guidelines and contraindications	540/687 (78.6%)	−6.3 (−11.6; −0.9)	0.021	−4.4 (−9.9; 1)	0.11
Untreated indication	274/329 (83.3%)	0.4 (−5.4; 6.1)	0.90	4 (−3.3; 11.3)	0.29
Underdosing	323/392 (82.4%)	−4 (−9.6; 1.6)	0.16	−3.1 (−9.3; 3.2)	0.34
Overdosing	475/559 (85%)	0.8 (−4.6; 6.2)	0.77	1.1 (−4.6; 6.9)	0.70
Drug not indicated	145/203 (71.4%)	−4.1 (−10.4; 2.1)	0.20	−5.2 (−11.9; 1.5)	0.13
Drug interaction	120/135 (88.9%)	−2.6 (−9.6; 4.4)	0.47	−3 (−10.1; 4)	0.40
Adverse effect	49/57 (86%)	1.2 (−7.8; 10.3)	0.79	−5.4 (−14.3; 3.5)	0.23
Inappropriate route and/or administration	205/267 (76.8%)	−2.8 (−8.7; 3.2)	0.36	−2.5 (−9.5; 4.6)	0.49
Treatment not received	2/2 (100%)	15.8 (−25.1; 56.8)	0.45	17.7 (−22.1; 57.6)	0.38
Monitoring to be followed	282/299 (94.3%)	1.6 (−4.3; 7.6)	0.59	0.7 (−6.3; 7.8)	0.84
Type of Intervention
Addition	346/413 (83.8%)	−1.6 (−5.4; 2.3)	0.43	−6.5 (−12.1; −0.9)	0.024
Discontinuation	412/497 (82.9%)	0.7 (−3; 4.4)	0.71	1 (−3.4; 5.5)	0.65
Substitution/Exchange	276/358 (77.1%)	−4.7 (−8.7; −0.7)	0.02	−1 (−5.3; 3.4)	0.66
Choice of route of administration	12/14 (85.7%)	8.8 (−6.1; 23.6)	0.25	5.1 (−10; 20.3)	0.51
Therapeutic follow-up	352/385 (91.4%)	1.2 (−2.8; 5.2)	0.55	2.4 (−2.9; 7.8)	0.37
Optimization of administration modalities	202/255 (79.2%)	−2.6 (−7; 1.8)	0.25	−0.1 (−5.7; 5.4)	0.96
Dosage adjustment	815/1008 (80.9%)	−1.8 (−5; 1.4)	0.26	−1 (−5.4; 3.3)	0.64
Method of contact
Verbal	1545/1623 (95.2%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Phone call	424/455 (93.2%)	−1.3 (−5.6; 3.1)	0.57	1.2 (−4.1; 6.4)	0.66
Prescription assistance software	441/846 (52.1%)	−30 (−34.2; −25.8)	<0.0001	−27.7 (−32.1; −23.2)	<0.0001
Paper	5/6 (83.3%)	−16.9 (−42.5; 8.8)	0.20	−15.1 (−41.4; 11.2)	0.26
Clinical impact on patient health
None	38/41 (92.7%)	1.6 (−8.9; 12.1)	0.77	6.3 (−4.4; 16.9)	0.25
Minor	395/570 (69.3%)	−6.7 (−10; −3.4)	<0.0001	−5.8 (−9.1; −2.5)	0.0006
Moderate	1038/1317 (78.8%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Major	918/976 (94.1%)	5.1 (2; 8.3)	0.001	4.3 (1.1; 7.6)	0.009
Vital	26/26 (100%)	9.1 (−3.7; 21.9)	0.16	7.6 (−4.9; 20.1)	0.23
Organizational impact
Unfavorable	80/89 (89.9%)	1.7 (−5.3; 8.8)	0.63	−0.4 (−7.3; 6.6)	0.92
Nil	1682/2,130 (79%)	0 (Reference)		0 (Reference)
Favorable	653/711 (91.8%)	3.6 (0.5; 6.8)	0.025	2.4 (−0.9; 5.6)	0.15
Economic impact
Unfavorable	684/788 (86.8%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Nil	928/1172 (79.2%)	−0.7 (−3.9; 2.5)	0.66	0.3 (−3.1; 3.8)	0.86
Favorable	803/970 (82.8%)	1.8 (−1.3; 5)	0.26	2.8 (−1.2; 6.9)	0.17
ATC class
A Digestive tract and metabolism	300/409 (73.3%)	−1.9 (−6.9; 3.1)	0.46	−0.9 (−5.8; 4)	0.71
B Blood and blood-forming organs	407/508 (80.1%)	−2.7 (−7.5; 2.2)	0.28	−1.8 (−6.6; 3)	0.45
C Cardiovascular system	213/272 (78.3%)	−1.3 (−6.8; 4.1)	0.63	−4 (−9.3; 1.4)	0.15
D Dermatological drugs	6/8 (75%)	5.2 (−16.4; 26.8)	0.64	10.4 (−10.6; 31.4)	0.33
G Genitourinary system and sex hormones	23/33 (69.7%)	1.9 (−9.4; 13.2)	0.74	5.4 (−5.5; 16.4)	0.33
H Systemic hormones, excluding sex hormones	59/74 (79.7%)	1.9 (−6.1; 10)	0.63	3.2 (−4.6; 11.1)	0.42
J General anti-infectives for systemic use	820/887 (92.4%)	0.4 (−4.3; 5.2)	0.86	−2.1 (−6.9; 2.7)	0.39
L Antineoplastics and immunomodulators	64/68 (94.1%)	8.6 (−0.3; 17.5)	0.0589	1.6 (−7.2; 10.4)	0.72
M Muscle and skeleton	28/37 (75.7%)	−4.8 (−15.5; 5.9)	0.38	−6.1 (−16.5; 4.3)	0.25
N Nervous system	422/547 (77.1%)	−1 (−5.8; 3.9)	0.70	0.7 (−4.1; 5.4)	0.79
P Antiparasitic insecticides	5/7 (71.4%)	−11.8 (−34.9; 11.2)	0.31	−7.5 (−29.8; 14.8)	0.51
R Respiratory system	36/44 (81.8%)	7.6 (−2.3; 17.6)	0.13	4 (−5.7; 13.7)	0.42
S Sensory organs	12/14 (85.7%)	2.8 (−13.7; 19.4)	0.74	2.7 (−13.5; 18.8)	0.75
V Miscellaneous	18/19 (94.7%)	9.2 (−5.5; 23.9)	0.22	9.1 (−5.1; 23.2)	0.21
Z Drug with no code assigned	2/3 (66.7%)	−14.3 (−49.3; 20.7)	0.42	−14.6 (−48.7; 19.4)	0.40
PI at reconciliation
No	2,133/2,586 (82.5%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Yes	282/344 (82%)	5.7 (1.5; 9.8)	0.008	0.5 (−4.1; 5.1)	0.83
PI using Pharmaclass®
No	2,284/2,786 (82%)	0 (Reference)	—	0 (Reference)	—
Yes	131/144 (91%)	−3.5 (−9.4; 2.5)	0.25	−6.2 (−13.6; 1.1)	0.095

^aUse of contrasts −1/+1.

Parameters associated with p < 0.05 are shown in bold. The gray background highlights significant univariate associations alone or significance in both univariate and multivariate analyses.