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. 2022 Mar 23;13:840294. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.840294

Table 4.

Summary of observational data across study.

Courtney Luke Tyrese Steven Roberto Stefana
Measure Girls learn Video Movie International Star wars club Tabletop
international game club club club club game club
Social Interactions (%)
Any initiations 15 (0–35) 68 (50–80) 37 (30–45) 60 (55–65) 32 (25–35) 63 (60–70)
Any interactions 43 (5–70) 92 (85–95) 45 (35–55) 67 (55–80) 52 (40–65) 72 (65–80)
Student to peer 25 (0–50) 67 (60–95) 18 (5–30) 60 (55–70) 45 (30–65) 67 (65–70)
Student to staff 12 (0–20) 12 (0–20) 32 (25–40) 33 (25–40) 10 (0–20) 27 (25–30)
Peer to student 35 (5–60) 75 (60–90) 18 (5–30) 50 (45–60) 47 (35–70) 65 (55–75)
Staff to student 22 (5–35) 13 (0–25) 28 (20–35) 28 (20–35) 13 (10–20) 25 (25–25)
21st Century Skill Focus (%)
Creativity 45 (10–100) 5 (0–10) 3 (0–10) 23 (20–30) 32 (0–80) 22 (0–50)
Critical Thinking 23 (0–45) 3 (0–10) 0 (0–0) 5 (0–15) 27 (0–80) 43 (15–65)
Collaboration 62 (40–90) 43 (10–80) 8 (0–15) 32 (15–60) 25 (15–45) 57 (15–100)
Communication 93 (90–100) 80 (60–95) 37 (20–45) 88 (70–100) 65 (30–100) 72 (45–100)
Club Format (%)
Full Group 77 (30–100) 95 (85–100) 33 (0–100) 88 (85–95) 62 (0–95) 0 (0–0)
Small Groups (>7) 23 (0–30) 0 (0–0) 67 (0–100) 7 (0–15) 33 (0–100) 97 (90–100)
Individual work 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0)
No structured activity 0 (0–0) 5 (0–15) 0 (0–0) 5 (0–15) 5 (0–15) 3 (0–10)

The figures represent M (range). Each club was observed three times, with IOA measured once each.