Table 2.

Comparison of distinct strategies for extracting viral RNA from clinical specimens.

	Type	Operation	Stage	Method used		Reagents and equipments	Reference
RNA Extraction	Full	Automated	Lysis	Buffer containing detergents, caotropic agents, or proteinase K		MagNA Pure External Lysis Buffer (for use with MagNA pure system, Roche), easyMAG Lysis Buffer (for use with EMAG® and NUCLEISENS®EasyMAG® system,Biomérieux)	(Hindiyeh et al., 2019)
			Purification	Solid phase purification, with columns, or moving beads		easyMAG Magnetic silica (for use with NUCLEISENS®EasyMAG® system, Biomérieux), Viral NA Small Volume kit (used with MagNA Pure 96 DNA), QIAGEN EZ1 Kits (used with EZ1 Advanced XL, Qiagen)	(Hindiyeh et al., 2019; Ransom et al., 2020)
		Manual	Lysis	Buffer containing detergents, caotropic agents, or proteinase K		AVL, VXL, ATL,RLT (Qiagen)	(Pastorino et al., 2020a; Welch et al., 2020)
			Purification	Liquid phase extraction, with organic-aqueous emulsions		Trizol, Trizol LS, or TRI Reagent (Thermo fisher), EXTRAzol (Blirt)	(Wozniak et al., 2020; Ambrosi et al., 2021; Dimke et al., 2021)
				Solid phase purification, with columns, or moving beads	Silica beads	QIA amp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen)	(Klein et al., 2020)
					Glass fiber filter	High Pure Viral RNA Kit (Roche)	(Wozniak et al., 2020)
					(Silica) magnetic beads	MagMAX Viral RNA Isolation Kit (Thermo fisher)	(Klein et al., 2020)
	Partial	Manual	Lysis	Non-anionic detergents	Triton X-100	Common, available through a wide range of suppliers	(Smyrlaki et al., 2020)
					Tween 20	Common, available through a wide range of suppliers	(Smyrlaki et al., 2020)
				APG solution		Common, available through a wide range of suppliers	(Chomczynski et al., 2021)
			RNase inactivation	Proteinase K		Common, available through a wide range of suppliers	(Genoud et al., 2021)
			Purification	Isopropanol		Common, available through a wide range of suppliers	(Graham et al., 2021)
			Other	Heat		_	(Genoud et al., 2021)