Table 1. Mean Annual Estimated Values Pre-GVRO Implementation by Model.

Variable	Residents, %
	San Diego	Synthetic control		Donor pool mean
		Assault	Self-harm
Age
15-24 y	15.67	14.86	15.05	14.89
≥55 y	22.17	27.76	22.98	23.47
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	48.92	64.09	46.97	48.67
Non-Hispanic Black	4.83	2.62	4.61	4.68
Hispanic	31.74	24.67	34.56	33.36
Men	50.21	49.82	49.82	49.97
Unemployed	8.29	8.48	8.83	10.35
Urbanicitya	1.00	1.69	1.47	1.85
Property crime rateb	24.51	21.38	25.25	30.44
Nonfirearm violent crime rateb	3.12	3.08	2.60	3.49
Handgun sales rateb	5.43	5.18	5.76	6.52

^a Urbanicity scale per the 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Code, as assigned by the US Department of Agriculture. Values range from 1 (most urban) to 9 (most rural).

^b Annual rates are per 1000 residents.