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. 2022 Mar 15;12(3):1179–1214.

Table 1.

Classification of E3 ligases

Types Characteristic domains Member Subtypes Characteristic domains of subtypes Examples
RINGs RING fold structure with/without zinc-binding site (RING/U-box) >600 Monomers Monomeric RING/U-box c-CBL, TRIM11, E4B
Homodimers Homomeric RING/U-box Chip, SIAH1
Heterodimers Heteromeric RING MDM2, HaKai
Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) Cullin scaffold structure SKP1, RBX1, CRL1/2/3/4/5/7/9, FBPs: FBXL, FBXW, FBXO
Other Multi-subunit E3s Multiple subunit structure APC/C
HECTs N-terminal lobe, C-terminal lobe, and a flexible tether between two lobes About 30 NEDD4 family Tryptophan-tryptophan (WW) motifs NEDD4, ITCH, SMURF1, SMURF2
HERC family RCC1-like domain HERC1-2, HERC3-6
Other HECTs Various domain E6AP
RBRs Two RING domains and one-in-between-RING (IBR) domain2 14 Ariadne family Ariadne domain HHARI, TRIAD1
Other RBRs Various domain PAPKIN, HOIL-1L