Table 2.
Summary of abnormal E3s in HCC
| Types | Sub-types | E3s | Substrates in HCC | Degraded or not | Role | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wnt/β-catenin pathway | ||||||
| RINGs | Monomers | TRIM37 | β-catenin | No | Oncogene | [65] |
| TRIM56 | β-catenin | No | Tumor suppressor | [64] | ||
| Homodimers | SIAH1 | β-catenin | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [58] | |
| Heterodimers | Hakai | Ajuba, E-cadherin | Yes | Oncogene | [59,60] | |
| CRLs | CUL4B | β-catenin | No | Oncogene | [66] | |
| HECTs | ITCH | DVI2, DVI3 | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [52,53] | |
| Mule | β-catenin | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [63] | ||
| PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | ||||||
| RINGs | Monomers | TRIM7 | Src | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [109] |
| TRIM11 | AKT | No | Oncogene | [122] | ||
| TRIM31 | TSC1-TSC2 complex | Yes | Oncogene | [117] | ||
| HRD1 | PTEN | Yes | Oncogene | [125] | ||
| Heterodimers | BARD1 | AKT | No | Oncogene | [131] | |
| HECTs | - | NEDD4 | PTEN | Yes | Oncogene | [128] |
| RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway | ||||||
| RINGs | Monomers | c-CBL | EGFR | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [136,137] |
| RNF128 | EGFR | No | Oncogene | [138] | ||
| Hippo pathway | ||||||
| RINGs | Heterodimers | MDM2 | YAP | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [152] |
| CRLs | Fbxw7 | YAP | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [153] | |
| CUL4A | LATS1, YAP | Unknow | Oncogene | [154] | ||
| HECTs | - | NEDD4 | LATS1 | Unknow | Tumor suppressor | [169] |
| Keap1/Nrf2 passway | ||||||
| RINGs | Monomers | TRIM21 | P62 | No | Oncogene | [174,178] |
| TRIM25 | Keap1 | Yes | Oncogene | [175] | ||
| HIF-1α passway | ||||||
| RINGs | Multi-subunit E3s | APCCDC20 | PHD3 | Yes | Oncogene | [194] |
| CRLs | VHL | HIF-1α | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [193] | |
| TGF-β/SMAD passway | ||||||
| RINGs | Monomers | PJA1 | SMAD3 | Yes | Oncogene | [206] |
| NF-κB passway | ||||||
| RBRs | - | Parkin | TRAF2, TRAF6 | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [217] |
| Notch passway | ||||||
| RINGs | CRLs | Fbxw7 | Notch1 | Unknow | Tumor suppressor | [166] |
| HBV infection | ||||||
| RINGs | Monomers | MARCH5 | HBx | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [241] |
| Homodimers | SIAH1 | HBx | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [240] | |
| Heterodimers | HDM2 | HBx | No | Oncogene | [242] | |
| CRLs | CUL4B | HBx | No | Oncogene | [245] | |
| MSL2 | APOBEC3B | Yes | Oncogene | [243] | ||
| DDB1 | Smc5/6 complex | Yes | Oncogene | [244] | ||
| HECTs | - | NEDD4 | HBx | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [238] |
| Other E3s | ||||||
| RINGs | Monomers | ZFP91 | hnRNPA1 | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [278] |
| A20 | PFKL | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [279] | ||
| UHRF1 | MEG3 | Unknow | Oncogene | [280] | ||
| UHRF2 | H3K9ac | Unknow | Oncogene | [281] | ||
| RNF6 | FOXA1 | Yes | Oncogene | [282] | ||
| RNF41 | CACYBP | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [283] | ||
| TRAF6 | HDAC3 | No | Oncogene | [284] | ||
| TRAF7 | KLF4 | Yes | Oncogene | [285] | ||
| TRIM16 | ZEB2 | Unknow | Tumor suppressor | [286] | ||
| TRIM50 | SNAIL | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [287] | ||
| Homodimers | Chip | ERα | Yes | Oncogene | [288] | |
| CRLs | RBX1 | PD-L1 | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [289] | |
| CUL2 | MAF1 | Yes | Oncogene | [290] | ||
| FBXO22 | P21 | Yes | Oncogenev | [291] | ||
| DCAF15 | ZEB1 | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [292] | ||
| SPOP | ZEB2 | Unknow | Tumor suppressor | [293] | ||
| FBXL6 | HSP90AA1 | No | Oncogene | [294] | ||
| SCFβ-TRCP | TRIB2 | Yes | Tumor suppressor | [295] | ||
| SCFskp2 | P21, p27 | Yes | Oncogene | [296] | ||
| HECTs | - | WWP1 | Caspase3, p53 | Unknow | Oncogene | [297] |