Table 2. Uni- and multivariate analyses of several factors predicting an increase of the level of proteinuria in 141 patients with TKI treatment.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Age (≤60 vs. >60) | 1.33 (0.63–2.78) | 0.45 | |||
| Gender (male vs. female) | 0.64 (0.30–1.40) | 0.26 | |||
| Hypertension (no vs. yes) | 0.84 (0.28–2.45) | 0.74 | |||
| Hypertension medication (no vs. yes) | 0.74 (0.20–2.72) | 0.65 | |||
| IMDC classification (favorable vs. others) | 2.59 (1.03–6.52) | 0.04 | 2.41 (0.92–6.33) | 0.07 | |
| KPS (≥80 vs. <80) | 1.37 (0.64–2.95) | 0.42 | |||
| Resection of primary lesion (no vs. yes) | 1.56 (0.72–3.39) | 0.26 | |||
| Type of nephrectomy (radical vs. partial) | 0.95 (0.25–3.55) | 0.94 | |||
| Tumor metastasis (1 vs. ≥2) | 0.56 (0.28–1.10) | 0.10 | |||
| The type of TKI (axitinib vs. others) | 0.83 (0.43–1.61) | 0.83 | |||
| Duration of TKI, months (≤12 vs. >12) | 3.11 (1.52–6.34) | 0.002 | 2.54 (1.18–5.46) | 0.02 | |
| The administration of PD-1 inhibitor (no vs. yes) | 3.70 (1.59–8.63) | 0.002 | 2.56 (1.04–6.31) | 0.04 | |
| Baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (≥60 vs. <60) | 1.19 (0.50–2.83) | 0.70 | |||
| Baseline SCr, mmol/L (≤97 vs. >97) | 1.35 (0.69–2.66) | 0.38 | |||
| Baseline BUN, mmol/L (≤8.0 vs. >8.0) | 1.19 (0.50–2.83) | 0.70 | |||
| Baseline CYSC, mg/L (≤1.03 vs. >1.03) | 0.84 (0.43–1.64) | 0.61 | |||
IMDC, International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma; KPS, Karnofsky performance status; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CYSC, cystatin C.