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. 2022 Mar;11(3):576–587. doi: 10.21037/gs-22-117

Table 2. Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analysis of OS.

Variables Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
HR (95% CI) P value HR (95% CI) P value
Sex 1.089 (0.619–1.915) 0.768 1.197 (0.590–2.427) 0.618
Jaundice (yes vs. no) 1.711 (0.950–3.084) 0.074 0.648 (0.156–2.695) 0.551
CA19-9 (≤114 vs. >114 U/mL) 1.000 (0.999–1.001) 0.809 0.822 (0.426–1.588) 0.560
Alb (≥30 vs. <30 g/L) 3.601 (0.466–27.833) 0.219 2.866 (0.276–29.724) 0.378
TBIL (μmol/L)
   0–35 vs. 36–200 1.930 (0.988–3.770) 0.054 2.653 (0.595–11.831) 0.201
   0–35 vs. >200 1.855 (0.825–4.169) 0.135 2.983 (0.611–14.574) 0.177
ALT (0–100 vs. >100 U/L) 1.926 (1.072–3.458) 0.028 1.304 (0.272–6.240) 0.740
AST (0–80 vs. >80 U/L) 1.994 (1.078–3.687) 0.028 1.149 (0.316–4.181) 0.833
PLT (109/L) (>300 vs. ≤300) 2.312 (1.024–5.219) 0.044 NA
Tumor location
   Head vs. body 1.155 (0.621–2.147) 0.649 1.825 (0.369–9.021) 0.461
   Head vs. tail 0.447 (0.13–1.488) 0.189 1.040 (0.161–6.704) 0.967
Tumor size (cm)
   ≤2 vs. ≤4 and >2 0.659 (0.301–1.442) 0.297 0.513 (0.200–1.320) 0.167
   ≤2 vs. >4 0.276 (0.083–0.919) 0.036 0.215 (0.055–0.834) 0.026
Operative method 1.010 (0.560–1.820) 0.974 1.365 (0.251–7.425) 0.719
Diabetes (yes vs. no) 1.121 (0.591–2.126) 0.727 0.818 (0.391–1.709) 0.593
Perineural invasion (yes vs. no) 1.489 (0.753-2.941) 0.252 1.046 (0.476–2.303) 0.910
Lymph node metastasis (yes vs. no) 3.285 (1.652–6.530) 0.001 2.874 (1.286–6.423) 0.010
Vascular invasion (yes vs. no) 2.520 (1.377–4.614) 0.003 2.502 (1.282–4.883) 0.007
SII (≥705 vs. <705) 2.995 (1.658–5.412) 0.000 2.843 (1.446–5.588) 0.002
PALBI grade (≥−5.6 vs. <−5.6) 1.889 (0.937–3.808) 0.075 NA
PLR (≤127 vs. >127) 2.277 (1.224–4.236) 0.009 NA
NLR (≤1.35 vs. >1.35) 4.045 (1.246–13.133) 0.020 NA

NA indicates not included in the multivariate analysis model due to interference of these indices with the SII. Alb, albumin; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; OS, overall survival; PALBI grade, platelet-albumin-bilirubin grade; PLR, platelet/lymphocyte ratio; PLT, platelet; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; TBIL, total bilirubin.