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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Oral Oncol. 2021 May 12;118:105330. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105330

Table 3.

Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for hazard of death at 5 years among patients with overall advanced stage (Stage III/IV) disease. Patients in each age cohort who received surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy had improved survival at 5 years when compared to single modality therapy across all age groups, even when controlling for insurance, comorbidity, site, race, and overall stage. Comorbidity was independently associated with increased risk of 5-year mortality across all age cohorts.

Stage III/IV (Advanced Stage)
40–59 yrs 60–69 yrs 70–79 yrs 80+ yrs
HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value HR (95% CI) p-value
Insurance Uninsured Ref Ref Ref Ref
Private 0.74 (0.65, 0.85) <0.001 0.89 (0.71, 1.12) 0.328 0.76 (0.45, 1.29) 0.313 1.65 (0.52, 5.21) 0.395
Medicaid 1.19 (1.03, 1.37) 0.021 1.31 (1.02, 1.69) 0.036 0.77 (0.41, 1.45) 0.423 1.63 (0.47, 5.67) 0.439
Medicare 1.1 (0.93, 1.31) 0.253 1.12 (0.9, 1.39) 0.322 0.89 (0.54, 1.48) 0.661 1.82 (0.58, 5.66) 0.304
Other government 0.93 (0.69, 1.25) 0.620 1.07 (0.77, 1.5) 0.678 0.75 (0.37, 1.54) 0.436 4.25 (1.16, 15.53) 0.029
Treatment Surgery Alone Ref Ref Ref Ref
Surgery/Radiation 0.72 (0.65, 0.81) <0.001 0.66 (0.59, 0.75) <0.001 0.62 (0.54, 0.7) <0.001 0.64 (0.56, 0.75) <0.001
Triple Modality 0.95 (0.86, 1.04) 0.281 0.82 (0.74, 0.92) <0.001 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) <0.001 0.75 (0.56, 0.99) 0.045
Comorbidity 0 Ref Ref Ref Ref
1 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) 0.023 1.22 (1.09, 1.35) <0.001 1.18 (1.05, 1.33) 0.005 1.23 (1.07, 1.43) 0.005
2+ 1.51 (1.27, 1.8) <0.001 1.37 (1.17, 1.61) <0.001 1.45 (1.23, 1.72) <0.001 1.51 (1.24, 1.83) <0.001
Race White Ref Ref Ref Ref
Black 0.96 (0.85, 1.1) 0.585 1.24 (1.06, 1.45) 0.007 1.3 (1.06, 1.61) 0.012 0.97 (0.7, 1.34) 0.835
Hispanic 0.82 (0.67, 1) 0.052 1.03 (0.82, 1.31) 0.783 1.03 (0.8, 1.33) 0.799 1.14 (0.85, 1.54) 0.369
Other 0.85 (0.67, 1.06) 0.150 1.07 (0.82, 1.38) 0.628 1.02 (0.77, 1.35) 0.877 1.04 (0.68, 1.6) 0.858
Overall Stage I -- -- -- --
II -- -- -- --
III Ref Ref Ref Ref
IV 1.75 (1.58, 1.95) <0.001 1.68 (1.5, 1.88) <0.001 1.47 (1.3, 1.66) <0.001 1.24 (1.08, 1.43) 0.003