Lifetime of ZIF-8 with different concentration of HPBI.

	HPBI concentration (mol L−1)	Zeta-potential (mV)
ZIF-8	0	22.6
Hybrid	1 × 10−5	16.6
	1 × 10−4	−1.88
	2 × 10−4	−30.5
	5 × 10−4	−53.7
	1 × 10−3	−48.8