Table 3.

Association of hyperuricemia and gout with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)^a using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses.

	One-sample MR analysis		Two-sample MR analysis
Exposure	OR (95% CI)d	P	OR (95% CI)d	P
Hyperuricemiab	1.06 (1.02–1.11)	0.009	1.09 (1.03–1.16)	0.005
Goutc	0.89 (0.79–1.01)	0.078	0.92 (0.82–1.21)	0.192

^aA primary diagnosis of CVD in UK Biobank inpatient data, or a death with CVD as the underlying cause, according to UK Biobank mortality data (ICD-10: I00-I70, I730, and I74).

^bHyperuricemia: 81 independent and not related to gout SNPs derived from published GWAS data were used as instrumental variables to infer causality.

^cGout: 6 SNPs were used instrumental variables, which was not related to hyperuricemia.

^dOR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; models adjusted for sex, age, genotyping array, and 5 PCs.