Table 5.
Multilevel multivariable logistic regression results for the association between women’s decision-making capacity and comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among married women: Evidence from 23 sub-Saharan African countries Demographic and Health Surveys (2010–2020) (N = 182,696)
| Model 0 | Model I | Model II | Model III | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decision making | |||||||
| No (Ref) | |||||||
| Yes | 1.21 (1.17–1.25)*** | 1.20 (1.16–1.25)*** | |||||
| Women’s age in years | |||||||
| 15–19 (Ref) | |||||||
| 20–24 | 1.21 (1.14–1.30)*** | 1.21 (1.13–1.29)*** | |||||
| 25–29 | 1.36 (1.27–1.46)*** | 1.36 (1.27–1.46)*** | |||||
| 30–34 | 1.51 (1.40–1.63)*** | 1.51 (1.40–1.63)*** | |||||
| 35–39 | 1.60 (1.47–1.75)*** | 1.60 (1.47–1.75)*** | |||||
| 40–44 | 1.62 (1.48–1.76)*** | 1.61 (1.48–1.76)*** | |||||
| 45–49 | 1.63 (1.49–1.79)*** | 1.63 (1.49–1.79)*** | |||||
| Women’s educational level | |||||||
| No formal education (Ref) | |||||||
| Primary school | 1.40 (1.34–1.46)*** | 1.40 (1.34–1.46)*** | |||||
| Secondary school | 2.02 (1.92–2.13)*** | 2.06 (1.95–2.16)*** | |||||
| Higher education | 2.88 (2.57–3.24)*** | 2.93 (2.62–3.29)*** | |||||
| Husband’s educational level | |||||||
| No formal education (Ref) | |||||||
| Primary school | 1.19 (1.14–1.24)*** | 1.18 (1.13–1.23)*** | |||||
| Secondary school | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | |||||
| Higher education | 1.10 (1.02–1.19)* | 1.11 (1.03–1.20)** | |||||
| Women’s occupation | |||||||
| Not employed (Ref) | |||||||
| Professional/technical/managerial | 1.34 (1.23–1.47)*** | 1.32 (1.21–1.44)*** | |||||
| Agricultural | 1.42 (1.35–1.49)*** | 1.37 (1.31–1.44)*** | |||||
| Manual | 1.24 (1.16–1.33)*** | 1.22 (1.14–1.31)*** | |||||
| Other | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | |||||
| Wealth index | |||||||
| Poorest (Ref) | |||||||
| Poorer | 1.10 (1.06–1.15)*** | 1.08 (1.04–1.13)*** | |||||
| Middle | 1.26 (1.21–1.33)*** | 1.23 (1.17–1.29)*** | |||||
| Richer | 1.40 (1.33–1.47)*** | 1.35 (1.28–1.42)*** | |||||
| Richest | 1.64 (1.54–1.74)*** | 1.58 (1.47–1.70)*** | |||||
| Media exposure | |||||||
| No (Ref) | |||||||
| Yes | 1.08 (1.04–1.12)*** | 1.08 (1.04–1.12)*** | |||||
| Household Head | |||||||
| Male (Ref) | |||||||
| Female | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | |||||
| Family size | |||||||
| < 5 (Ref) | |||||||
| 5 + | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | |||||
| Parity | |||||||
| No child (Ref) | |||||||
| 1–2 | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | |||||
| 3–4 | 0.89 (0.83–0.96)** | 0.90 (0.83–0.96)** | |||||
| 5 + | 0.74 (0.69–0.81)*** | 0.75 (0.69–0.81)*** | |||||
| HIV test | |||||||
| No (Ref) | |||||||
| Yes | 2.53 (2.43–2.64)*** | 2.51 (2.40–2.62)*** | |||||
| Religion | |||||||
| Christian (Ref) | |||||||
| Muslim | 0.82 (0.78–0.86)*** | 0.83 (0.78–0.87)*** | |||||
| Others | 0.75 (0.67–0.83)*** | 0.76 (0.68–0.85)*** | |||||
| No religion | 0.59 (0.53–0.66)*** | 0.61 (0.54–0.68)*** | |||||
| Distance to health facility | |||||||
| Serious problem (ref) | |||||||
| Not a serious problem | 0.80 (0.77–0.83)*** | 0.85 (0.82–0.89)*** | |||||
| Place of residence | |||||||
| Urban (Ref) | |||||||
| Rural | 1.15 (1.07–1.23)*** | 1.27 (1.19–1.37)*** | |||||
| Community literacy level | |||||||
| Low (Ref) | |||||||
| Medium | 1.16 (1.09–1.24)*** | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | |||||
| High | 1.53 (1.41–1.65)*** | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | |||||
| Community socioeconomic status | |||||||
| Low (Ref) | |||||||
| Medium | 1.52 (1.41–1.64)*** | 1.20 (1.12–1.28)*** | |||||
| High | 1.67 (1.53–1.82)*** | 1.13 (1.04–1.23)** | |||||
| Random effect result | |||||||
| PSU variance (95% CI) | 0.37 ( 0.32–0.44) | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | 0.20 (0.16–0.26) | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | |||
| ICC | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | |||
| LR Test | 2716.28 | 564.05 | 1163.22 | 590.36 | |||
| Wald chi-square and p-value | reference | χ2 = 6784.69, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 958.28, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 7276.32, p < 0.001 | |||
| Model fitness | |||||||
| Log-likelihood | -124,703.32 | -98,637.87 | -115,532.46 | -98,368.19 | |||
| AIC | 249,410.6 | 197,341.8 | 231,080.9 | 196,814.4 | |||
| N | |||||||
p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; **p < 0.001
Ref reference category, AIC Akaike Information Criterion, PSU Primary Sampling Unit, N total observation, LR Likelihood Ratio, ICC Intra-class correlation coefficient