Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to BMI change groups
| BMI Change >0 (n = 87,316) | BMI Change ≤0 (n = 42,828) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 36.76 ± 6.74 | 37.95 ± 7.40 | <0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 46,007 (52.69) | 22,695 (52.99) | 0.307 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.49 ± 10.18 | 94.26 ± 12.77 | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 20.70 ± 10.22 | 21.76 ± 12.13 | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 21.19 ± 17.37 | 23.60 ± 19.90 | <0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 25.50 ± 26.31 | 28.61 ± 31.02 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)a | 83 (60,120) | 92 (65,137) | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.15 ± 14.82 | 57.35 ± 14.83 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117.26 ± 30.83 | 121.37 ± 31.74 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (IU/mL) | 5.52 ± 3.63 | 6.11 ± 3.84 | <0.001 |
| HOMA IR | 1.28 ± 0.92 | 1.46 ± 1.06 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.64 ± 3.18 | 23.42 ± 3.25 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79.98 ± 9.18 | 82.08 ± 9.29 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 106.59 ± 12.39 | 107.87 ± 12.97 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68.27 ± 9.31 | 69.08 ± 9.85 | <0.001 |
| Education | |||
| ≤ High school | 10,069 (11.53) | 4825 (11.27) | |
| ≥ College graduate | 67,534 (77.34) | 32,938 (76.91) | |
| Unknown | 14,778 (11.36) | 5065 (11.83) | |
| Smoking status (n, %) | <0.001 | ||
| Never/former smoker | 64,505 (73.88) | 31,850 (74.37) | |
| Current smoker | 15,585 (17.85) | 7199 (16.81) | |
| Unknown | 7226 (8.28) | 3779 (8.82) | |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 4 (2, 10) | 4 (1, 10) | 0.496 |
| NAFLD | 20,619 (23.61) | 13,566 (31.68) | <0.001 |
| NAFLD status | <0.001 | ||
| Incident NAFLD | 11,654 (13.35) | 2412 (5.63) | |
| Resolution of NAFLD | 1336 (1.53) | 2439 (5.69) | |
| Temporal BMI changes | 1.04 ± 0.89 | −0.77 ± 0.80 | <0.001 |
| FIB-4 score | 0.74 ± 0.30 | 0.77 ± 0.32 | <0.001 |
| NAFLD fibrosis score | −3.05 ± 0.93 | −2.92 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
Numbers are mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or percentages
aTriglyceride was log-transformed for this analysis
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, FIB-4 Fibrosis-4, HDL-cholesterol High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HEPA Health-enhancing physical activity, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, LDL-cholesterol Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, SBP Systolic blood pressure