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. 2022 Apr 6;832:155090. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155090

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Fig. 4 — Proposed antibiotic resistance mechanism of QACs-induced E. coli mutants: (a) stimulated efflux expression; (b) impeded transmembrane transport; (c) modified antibacterial targets. Mutated genes were marked in gray. Proteins (in ellipses) with changes in amino acid sequences were denoted by diamonds. Green/red arrows represent down/up-regulations in gene expressions. LPS: lipopolysaccharide, OM: outer membrane, IM: inner membrane.