Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 with and without diarrhea
| Variable, N (%) or Median with IQR | OverallN = 145 | With diarrheaN = 21 | Without diarrheaN = 124 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 66 (45.5) | 8 (38.1) | 58 (46.8) | 0.46 |
| Female | 79 (54.5) | 13 (61.9) | 66 (53.2) | |
| Age (years) | 55.0 (44.0-64.5) | 55.0 (48.0-61.5) | 54.5 (43.5-65.5) | 0.73 |
| Symptoms on admission | ||||
| Fever | 70 (48.3) | 10 (47.6) | 60 (48.4) | 0.95 |
| Cough | 80 (55.2) | 15 (71.4) | 65 (52.4) | 0.11 |
| Expectoration | 25 (17.2) | 4 (19.0) | 21 (16.9) | 0.76 |
| Dyspnea | 24 (16.6) | 5 (23.8) | 19 (15.3) | 0.35 |
| Headache | 10 (6.9) | 1 (4.8) | 9 (7.3) | 1 |
| Fatigue | 44 (30.3) | 5 (23.8) | 39 (31.5) | 0.48 |
| Diarrhea | 21 (14.5) | 21 (100) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Vomiting | 5 (3.4) | 1 (4.8) | 4 (3.2) | 0.55 |
| Chronic medical illness | ||||
| Hypertension | 46 (31.7) | 7 (33.3) | 39 (31.5) | 0.86 |
| Diabetes | 13 (9.0) | 3 (14.3) | 10 (8.1) | 0.40 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 12 (8.3) | 3 (14.3) | 9 (7.3) | 0.38 |
| Respiratory system disease | 6 (4.1) | 1 (4.8) | 5 (4.0) | 1 |
| Other diseases | 33 (22.8) | 5 (23.8) | 28 (22.6) | 1 |
| Blood routine test | ||||
| RBC (3.8-5.1 × 10^12/L) | 4.04 (3.74-4.43) | 4.08 (3.84-4.54) | 4.02 (3.74-4.43) | 0.35 |
| Hemoglobin (115-150 g/L) | 130.3 (118.3-139.9) | 128.8 (116.5-145.5) | 130.3 (118.7-139.4) | 0.87 |
| Platelet (125-350 × 10^9/L) | 204.0 (175.0-254.0) | 184 (169.5-251.0) | 206 (178-255.5) | 0.28 |
| WBC (3.5-9.5 × 10^9/L) | 5.42 (4.38-6.59) | 5.82 (4.58-6.35) | 5.33 (4.26-6.81) | 0.67 |
| Neutrophils (1.8-6.3 × 10^9/L) | 3.16 (2.28-4.28) | 3.16 (2.42-4.19) | 3.16 (3.16-4.35) | 0.78 |
| Lymphocytes (1.1-3.2 × 10^9/L) | 1.45 (1.20-1.89) | 1.55 (1.27-2.05) | 1.44 (1.16-1.84) | 0.13 |
| Monocytes (0.1-0.6 × 10^9/L) | 0.46 (0.38-0.61) | 0.44 (0.35-0.56) | 0.46 (0.38-0.66) | 0.43 |
| Blood biochemistry | ||||
| ALT (9-50 U/L) | 28.0 (17.0-45.0) | 31.0 (17.5-49.5) | 27.5 (17.0-45.0) | 0.70 |
| AST (15-40 U/L) | 23.0 (19.0-33.0) | 22.0 (17.5-27.5) | 24.0 (19.0-33.8) | 0.34 |
| ALP (30-120 U/L) | 85.0 (68.5-104.5) | 84.0 (65.3-95.5) | 86.0 (69.5-106.8) | 0.34 |
| GGT (8-57 U/L) | 30.0 (17.0-52.0) | 24.0 (18.0-49.0) | 32.0 (16.8-60.0) | 0.51 |
| Albumin (40-55 g/L) | 40.0 (36.6-43.4) | 40.1 (38.2-43.1) | 40.0 (36.4-43.4) | 0.56 |
| Globulin (20-30 g/L) | 29.0 (26.3-31.4) | 27.3 (23.4-29.3) | 29.6 (26.4-31.9) | <0.01 |
| TBIL (5-21μmol/L) | 11.4 (9.4-14.7) | 11.5 (11.0-16.4) | 11.4 (9.3-14.7) | 0.39 |
| Creatinine (49-90 μmol/L) | 60.3 (50.3-71.5) | 60.0 (45.1-70.7) | 60.4 (50.5-72.0) | 0.24 |
| Glucose (3.9-6.1 mmol/L) | 5.12 (4.64-5.7) | 5.21 (4.78-6.01) | 5.10 (4.57-5.74) | 0.51 |
| Creatinine kinase (<145 U/L) | 74.0 (53.0-100.0) | 69.0 (56.8-96.5) | 75.0 (51.5-101.0) | 0.89 |
| CKMB (0-25 U/L) | 9.0 (7.0-13.0) | 10.0 (7.5-14.0) | 9.0 (6.5-12.5) | 0.29 |
| LDH (110-245 U/L) | 172.0 (144.0-197.0) | 170 (139.5-188.0) | 174 (146.0-197.0) | 0.50 |
| Potassium ion (3.5-5.3 mmol/L) | 4.29 (4.03-4.58) | 4.20 (4.04-4.35) | 4.30 (4.01-4.59) | 0.27 |
| Sodium ion (137-147 mmol/L) | 139.9 (138.4-141.3) | 140.7 (139.1-141.9) | 139.8 (138.3-141.2) | 0.18 |
| Fibrinogen (238-498 mg/dL) | 379.0 (323.0-425.0) | 349.0 (292.0-394.0) | 380.0 (324.0-435.0) | 0.09 |
| D-dimer (0-500 ng/mL) | 180.0 (100.0-297.0) | 139.0 (98.0-218.0) | 184.0 (100.0-305.0) | 0.43 |
| Blood inflammatory indicators | ||||
| CRP (0-10 mg/L) | 2.3 (1.20-7.60) | 2.3 (1.0-5.0) | 2.2 (1.2-8.9) | 0.38 |
| IL-6 (0.1-2.9 pg/mL) | 2.85 (0.81-5.61) | 1.85 (1.21-4.14) | 3.20 (0.71-6.88) | 0.39 |
| Lymphocyte subsets | ||||
| CD3+ T cells (805-4459/μL) | 1052.0 (789.0-1427.0) | 1261.0 (1001.0-1516.0) | 1040.0 (727.0-1369.0) | 0.02 |
| Percentage of CD3+ T cells (38.56-70.06, %) | 69.21 (61.24-74.39) | 74.14 (69.83-76.38) | 67.99 (60.55-73.15) | <0.01 |
| CD3+CD4+ T cell (345-2350/μL) | 598.0 (426.0-844.0) | 818.0 (652.0-964.0) | 547.5 (390.5-772.5) | <0.001 |
| Percentage of CD4+ T cells (14.21-36.99, %) | 37.83 (32.36-41.78) | 48.40 (41.22-52.13) | 36.79 (31.56-40.65) | <0.001 |
| CD3+CD8+ T cell (345-2350/μL) | 411.0 (306.0-572.0) | 376.0 (296.5-553.0) | 428.0 (302.0-572.0) | 0.55 |
| Percentage of CD8+ T cells (13.24-38.53, %) | 27.56 (22.08-32.51) | 24.14 (16.40-27.96) | 28.17 (22.37-33.45) | 0.02 |
| CD19+ B cell (240-1317/μL) | 197.0 (104.0-279.0) | 239.0 (162.5-302.5) | 169.0 (102.3-277.3) | 0.02 |
| Percentage of CD19+ B cells (10.86-28.03, %) | 12.67 (7.59-16.57) | 14.07 (10.99-16.87) | 12.45 (7.30-16.44) | 0.14 |
| CD16+CD56+ NK cell (210-1514/μL) | 240.0 (162.0-390.0) | 196.0 (153.0-296.5) | 244.0 (160.5-408.5) | 0.18 |
| Percentage ofCD16+CD56+ NK cells (7.92-33.99, %) | 16.25 (10.93-23.64) | 10.93 (8.35-15.65) | 16.99 (11.58-24.70) | <0.01 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio (0.96-2.05) | 1.36 (1.07-1.80) | 2.00 (1.62-3.02) | 1.28 (1.03-1.65) | <0.001 |
| Disease severity | ||||
| Common illness | 130 (89.7) | 19 (90.5) | 111 (89.5) | 1 |
| Serious illness | 14 (9.7) | 2 (9.5) | 12 (9.7) | |
| Critical illness | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | |
| Treatment during hospitalization | ||||
| Corticosteroid | 26 (17.9) | 2 (9.5) | 24 (19.4) | 0.37 |
| Antiviral drugs | 111 (76.6) | 16 (76.2) | 95 (76.6) | 1 |
| Antibacterial drugs | 67 (46.2) | 13 (61.9) | 54 (43.5) | 0.12 |
| Chinese medicine | 115 (79.3) | 18 (85.7) | 97 (78.2) | 0.57 |
| Oxygen inhalation | 25 (17.2) | 3 (14.3) | 22 (17.7) | 1 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 11.0 (9.0-16.0) | 12.0 (10.5-17.0) | 11.0 (9.0-15.0) | 0.51 |
*ALP = alkaline phosphatase; ALT = alanine amiotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; CKMB = creatine kinase-MB; CRP = C reactive protein; GGT = glutamyl transpeptadase; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IQR = interquartile range; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; N = number; RBC = red blood cell; TBIL = total bilirubin; WBC = white blood cell.
Other diseases included immune system diseases, urinary system diseases, neurological diseases, mental illness, liver disease, thyroid diseases, hysteromyoma, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, thromboangiitis obliterans, lumbar compression fracture, cervical spondylosis, gastritis, and psoriasis.