Table 2.
Baseline characteristics comparison between the 2 groups
| Characteristics | SARS-CoV-2 positive (n=1653) | SARS-CoV-2 negative (n=20,785) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (y) | 31.0 (27.0–34.0) | 32.0 (28.0–35.0) | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 (27.3–34.8) | 30.1 (26.8–34.1) | .001 |
| Race | |||
| Black | 239 (14.5) | 2641 (12.7) | <.001 |
| White | 633 (38.3) | 9805 (47.2) | |
| Asian | 151 (9.1) | 2820 (13.6) | |
| American Native | 7 (0.4) | 149 (0.7) | |
| Other or multiracial | 561 (33.9) | 4667 (22.5) | |
| Unknown | 62 (3.8) | 703 (3.4) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 496 (30.0) | 3686 (17.7) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic | 1098 (66.4) | 16,322 (78.5) | |
| Unknown | 59 (3.6) | 777 (3.7) | |
| Insurance type | |||
| Medicaid | 893 (54.6) | 7531 (36.7) | <.001 |
| Private | 740 (45.2) | 12,959 (63.1) | |
| Self-pay or unknown | 4 (0.2) | 40 (0.2) | |
| Language | |||
| English | 1403 (84.9) | 19,198 (92.4) | <.001 |
| Non-English | 249 (15.1) | 1577 (7.6) | |
| Nulliparous | 613 (39.8) | 9343 (48.7) | <.001 |
| Neighborhood characteristics | |||
| Median annual household income ($) | 39,349 (30,911–51,677) | 46,375 (34,336–64,885) | <.001 |
| Education less than high school (%) | 12.5 (7.9–19.8) | 9.1 (4.3–16.6) | <.001 |
| Unemployment (%) | 5.0 (4.2–6.5) | 4.7 (3.9–6.3) | <.001 |
| Households receiving supplemental income (%) | 21.1 (10.2–31.9) | 16.4 (7.3–27.5) | <.001 |
| Single parent household (%) | 27.3 (17.9–40.0) | 23.0 (14.9–35.5) | <.001 |
| Median household size | 3.0 (2.8–3.4) | 3.0 (2.7–3.2) | <.001 |
| Owner occupied housing (%) | 64.0 (35.9–75.8) | 64.6 (36.3–81.2) | .001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 110 (6.7) | 1056 (5.1) | .007 |
| Asthma | 100 (6.0) | 1312 (6.3) | .7 |
| Chronic hypertension | 64 (3.9) | 789 (3.8) | .9 |
| Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia | 232 (14.0) | 2833 (13.6) | .3 |
| Pregestational diabetes | 34 (2.1) | 279 (1.3) | .02 |
| Gestational diabetes | 151 (9.1) | 1994 (9.6) | .6 |
| Gestational age at delivery (wk) | 39.1 (38.1–40) | 39.2 (38.3–40) | <.001 |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Vaginal delivery | 1099 (66.6) | 13,834 (66.8) | .9 |
| Cesarean delivery | 551 (33.4) | 6884 (33.2) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage).
Missing data for BMI (11.4%), parity (8.9%), insurance type (1.2%), median annual household income (3.1%), education less than high school (1.1%), median household size (1%), households receiving supplemental income (1%), single parent household (1%), owner occupied housing (1%), unemployment (1%), mode of delivery (0.3%), gestational age at delivery (0.3%), and language (<0.1%).
BMI, body mass index.
Gulerson. Severe maternal morbidity associated with COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022.