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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2022 Mar 17;130(6):942–957. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319843

Figure 2. Timeline of NASA Spaceflight Missions and Key Cardiovascular Assessments.

Figure 2.

The effects of spaceflight on cardiovascular health have been studied on Mercury (1961-1963; duration range: 15 min-34 h), Gemini (1965-1966; duration range: 4h-13 days), Apollo (1967-1975; duration range: 5-12 days), Skylab (1973-1974; duration range: 28-84 days), Shuttle (1981-2011; duration range: 2-17 days), and International Space Station (ISS; 2000-present; duration range: 70-340 days) missions.