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. 2022 Mar 21;28(11):1139–1158. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i11.1139

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©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Schematic representation of the effects of quercetin on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression and cell migration in normal human gastric mucosa epithelial cells. Schematic diagram of the signaling pathways for quercetin-mediated attenuation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammation via downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) expression in normal human gastric mucosa epithelial cells. Quercetin attenuates TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in normal human gastric mucosa epithelial cells through the proinflammatory TNFR-c-Src–extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2–c-Fos and nuclear factor kappa B pathways. AP-1: Activator protein-1; c-Src: Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; ERK: Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; GES-1: Normal human gastric mucosa epithelial cell line; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMP-9: Matrix metallopeptidase-9; MMP9i: MMP-9 inhibitor; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TSIIA: Tanshinone IIA.