TABLE 1.
Clinical, demographic and imaging characteristics by PNPLA3 genotype
| PNPLA3 genotypes | Total N | C/C N = 102 | C/G N = 102 | G/G N = 60 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 263 | 52.8 (17.0) | 53.4 (17.2) | 53.2 (16.5) | 0.9727 |
| Male, n (%) | 264 | 41 (40.2%) | 34 (33.3%) | 22 (36.7%) | 0.5964 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 256 | 28.9 (6.6) | 28.7 (7.9) | 32.0 (5.4) | 0.0103 |
| White, n (%) | 260 | 73 (71.6%) | 56 (56.0%) | 14 (24.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 264 | 48 (47.1%) | 43 (42.2%) | 25 (41.7%) | 0.7188 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 264 | 46 (45.1%) | 35 (34.3%) | 27 (45.0%) | 0.2241 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 176 | 11 (19.3%) | 15 (20.8%) | 11 (23.4%) | 0.8763 |
| Family history | |||||
| Liver disease, n (%) | 176 | 5 (8.8%) | 19 (26.4%) | 26 (55.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Biochemical profile | |||||
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 259 | 6(1.3) | 5.9 (0.9) | 6 (1.4) | 0.5073 |
| AST (U/L), median (IQR) | 262 | 20.5 (8) | 24 (13) | 23 (20) | 0.0147 |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 261 | 19 (14) | 24.5 (19) | 26 (22) | 0.0201 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L), median (IQR) | 262 | 71 (26) | 73 (37) | 79 (42) | 0.0433 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 262 | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.0791 |
| Albumin (g/dL), median (IQR) | 262 | 4.5 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.4) | 0.1288 |
| HOMA-IR median (IQR) | 248 | 2.7 (3) | 3.2 (4.3) | 5.5 (10.4) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 260 | 96 (75) | 102 (103) | 125 (72.5) | 0.0353 |
| HDL (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 260 | 60 (27) | 55 (28) | 50 (18.5) | 0.0263 |
| LDL (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 259 | 99 (42) | 96 (43) | 106 (53) | 0.1444 |
| Platelet count (109/L), median (IQR) | 262 | 239.5 (84) | 236.5 (92.5) | 238.5 (117.5) | 0.8124 |
| INR, median (IQR) | 262 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.2528 |
| Clinical prediction rule | |||||
| FIB-4, median (IQR) | 259 | 1 (0.7) | 1.1 (1) | 1.1 (1.2) | 0.5398 |
| NAFLD Fibrosis Score, median (IQR) | 252 | −1.3 (1.8) | −1.8 (2.6) | −1.2 (3.6) | 0.7150 |
| Imaging | |||||
| MRI-PDFF (%), mean (SD) | 264 | 5.8 (5.8) | 7.6 (7.9) | 11.1 (8.8) | <0.0001 |
| MRE (kPa), mean (SD) | 264 | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.9 (1.3) | 3.3 (2.2) | 0.0003 |
Note: ANOVA performed on continuous variables presented as mean (SD), Kruskal-Wallis performed on all other continuous variables. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate on all categorical variables.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; FIB-4, fibrosis index based on the 4 factor; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment method for insulin resistance (calculated as (fasting insulin (μU/mL) * fasting glucose (mmol/L))/22.5); INR, International normalised ratio; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MRE, magnetic resonance elastography; MRI-PDFF, magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction; SD, standard deviation.