Table 2.
Warning reactions (N=661)
| Pictorial warnings LSM (SE) | Text-only warnings LSM (SE) | F(df) or t value P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Emotional reactions | |||
| Overall | 3.02 (0.07) | 2.41 (0.07) | 37.23(1,660) <0.0001 |
| Subgroup interaction | – | – | 4.17(2, 660) 0.0159 |
| Past 30-day use | 3.22 (0.10) | 2.24 (0.13) | 6.099 <0.0001 |
| Lifetime use | 2.97 (0.11) | 2.50 (0.11) | 3.07 0.0023 |
| Susceptible non-use | 2.79 (0.13) | 2.24 (0.13) | 1.92 0.0552 |
| Cognitive elaboration | |||
| Overall | 4.06 (0.06) | 3.89 (0.07) | 3.60(1,660) 0.0582 |
| Subgroup interaction | – | – | 3.37(2, 600) 0.04 |
| Past 30-day use | 4.02 (0.09) | 3.57 (0.14) | 2.75 0.0061 |
| Lifetime use | 4.05 (0.09) | 4.11 (0.09) | −0.45 0.6501 |
| Susceptible non-use | 4.10 (0.13) | 3.80 (0.13) | 1.65 0.0997 |
| Perceived message effectiveness | |||
| Overall | 4.08 (0.05) | 3.76 (0.07) | 12.76(1,660) 0.0004 |
| Subgroup interaction | – | – | 4.07(2, 660) 0.0175 |
| Past 30-day use | 4.00 (0.09) | 3.37 (0.11) | 4.48 <0.0001 |
| Lifetime use | 4.07 (0.09) | 4.00 (0.11) | 0.53 0.5959 |
| Susceptible non-use | 4.20 (0.11) | 3.76 (0.13) | 2.58 0.0100 |
All measures were answered on 5-point scales.
LSM, least square means.