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(A) Association between COPD, cardiovascular disease and risk factors and their interrelationship. (B) Both diseases are closely linked for several features. COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CVD, Cardiovascular Disease, HR, Hazard Ratio; MI, Myocardial Infraction; and PAD, Peripheral Arterial Disease. Figure adapted from Rabe et al., (38) and adapted from Morgan et al., (34).
