Table 2. Hierarchical regression.
| Depression (HADS) | Anxiety (HADS) | Stress (PSS) | Psychological well-being (PWB) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | ||
| Intercept | 5.89*** | 0.23 | 10.71*** | 0.25 | 43.05*** | 0.50 | 82.49*** | 0.58 | |
| Block 1 | Age | 0.01 | 0.05 | -0.002 | 0.06 | -0.14 | 0.11 | -0.09 | 0.13 |
| Gender identity | -0.76 | 0.55 | -2.90*** | 0.60 | -5.72*** | 1.18 | 2.60 | 1.39 | |
| R 2 | 0.004 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.009 | |||||
| Intercept | 5.33*** | 0.39 | 10.08*** | 0.41 | 42.27*** | 0.83 | 82.66*** | 0.98 | |
| Block 1 | Age | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.08 | 0.12 | -0.11 | 0.14 |
| Gender identity | -0.72 | 0.55 | -2.87*** | 0.59 | -5.71*** | 1.18 | 2.59 | 1.40 | |
| Block 2¶ | 1st year | 1.25* | 0.51 | 1.63** | 0.54 | 2.42* | 1.09 | -0.52 | 1.29 |
| 3rd year | 0.34 | 0.54 | 0.16 | 0.57 | -0.24 | 1.14 | 0.06 | 1.35 | |
| Increase in R2 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.001 | |||||
| Intercept | 5.06*** | 0.49 | 9.61*** | 0.53 | 42.16*** | 1.06 | 83.46*** | 1.26 | |
| Block 1 | Age | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.10 | 0.12 | -0.08 | 0.14 |
| Gender identity | -0.75 | 0.54 | -2.84*** | 0.58 | -5.58*** | 1.17 | 2.28 | 1.39 | |
| Block 2¶ | 1st year | 1.42** | 0.50 | 1.79** | 0.54 | 2.83* | 1.07 | -0.93 | 1.28 |
| 3rd year | 0.26 | 0.52 | 0.14 | 0.56 | -0.30 | 1.12 | -0.07 | 1.34 | |
| Block 3ǂ | Medicine | -0.69 | 0.56 | -0.59 | 0.61 | -2.44* | 1.22 | 2.16 | 1.45 |
| Pharmaceutical sciences | 3.02*** | 0.69 | 2.79*** | 0.74 | 4.30** | 1.49 | 3.83 | 1.78 | |
| Psychology | 0.13 | 0.53 | 0.68 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 1.13 | -2.01 | 1.35 | |
| Increase in R2 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | |||||
| Intercept | 4.92*** | 0.41 | 9.49*** | 0.47 | 41.85*** | 0.87 | 83.71*** | 1.16 | |
| Block 1 | Age | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.23* | 1.0 | 0.03 | 0.13 |
| Gender identity | -0.32 | 0.46 | -2.46*** | 0.52 | -4.60*** | 0.96 | 1.48 | 1.29 | |
| Block 2¶ | 1st year | 0.66 | 0.43 | 1.10* | 0.48 | 1.08 | 0.89 | 0.50 | 1.20 |
| 3rd year | 0.59 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.93 | -0.69 | 1.24 | |
| Block 3ǂ | Medicine | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.55 | -0.16 | 1.01 | 0.32 | 1.36 |
| Pharmaceutical sciences | 1.48** | 0.59 | 1.71* | 0.67 | 1.57 | 1.24 | -1.62 | 1.66 | |
| Psychology | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.90 | 0.51 | 0.76 | 0.93 | -2.48* | 1.25 | |
| Block 4 | Academic satisfaction | -0.30*** | 0.02 | -0.28*** | 0.03 | -0.70*** | 0.05 | 0.57*** | 0.07 |
| Increase in R2 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.14 | |||||
| Intercept | 2.27*** | 0.56 | 5.35*** | 0.60 | 32.87*** | 1.07 | 88.63*** | 1.62 | |
| Block 1 | Age | -0.03 | 0.04 | -0.04 | 0.05 | -0.27** | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
| Gender identity | 0.01 | 0.44 | -1.94*** | 0.47 | -3.42*** | 0.84 | 0.86 | 1.27 | |
| Block 2¶ | 1st year | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.54 | 0.44 | -0.12 | 0.78 | 1.15 | 1.18 |
| 3rd year | 0.61 | 0.42 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.80 | -0.73 | 1.22 | |
| Block 3ǂ | Medicine | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.26 | 0.88 | 0.08 | 1.33 |
| Pharmaceutical sciences | 1.64** | 0.57 | 1.41* | 0.61 | 0.91 | 1.08 | -1.26 | 1.63 | |
| Psychology | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.75 | 56 | 42 | 0.81 | -2.30 | 1.23 | |
| Block 4 | Academic satisfaction | -0.26*** | 0.02 | -0.20*** | 0.03 | -0.53*** | 0.05 | 0.48*** | 0.07 |
| Block 5 | COVID-19 stress on learning experience | 0.45*** | 0.07 | 0.70*** | 0.07 | 1.53*** | 0.13 | -0.84*** | 0.20 |
| Increase in R2 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.03 | |||||
Note.
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01
*** p < 0.001; ¶ reference: 2nd year; ǂ reference: School of Health Sciences Geneva (including midwifery, nursing, physiotherapy, nutrition and dietetics, and medical radiology technology); gender identity was coded 0 = female, 1 = male; B: Beta coefficients; SE: standard error; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; PWB: Psychological Well-Being Scale; SSS: Scale of Satisfaction with Studies. Reference categories: women, second year, School of Health Sciences Geneva.