Table 1.

Comparison of statistics and p-values obtained by different analysis approaches (Case Study 1).

Methods			Statistics		P value
Standard Survival Analysis	Censor death at the time of death	1a: Cox PH Model	Hazard ratio	1.035	0.289
		2a: Log Rank Test	N/A		0.287
		3a: RMST	Ratio of RMST	0.986	0.479
	Censor death at Day 28	1b: Cox PH Model	Hazard ratio	1.082	0.016
		2b: Log Rank Test	N/A		0.015
		3b: RMST	Ratio of RMST	0.968	0.067
Competing Risk Analysis		4: Subdistribution Hazard Model	Subdistribution hazard ratio	1.080	0.014
		5: CIF Chi-square	N/A		0.014
		6: CIF AUC	Ratio of CIF AUC	1.042	0.068

Method 1a: Cox PH model, censor death at the time of death;

Method 2a: Log rank test, censor death at the time of death;

Method 3a: Test the Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) difference, censor death at the time of death;

Method 1b: Cox PH model, censor death at Day 28;

Method 2b: Log rank test, censor death at Day 28;

Method 3b: Test the Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) difference, censor death at Day 28;

Method 4: Subdistribution hazard model;

Method 5: Test cumulative incidence function (CIF) difference using a modified log-rank Chi-square test;

Method 6: Test the difference of the area under the cumulative incidence function (CIF) curve.

Note: Hazard ratio > 1 in Methods 1a and 2a, Ratio of RMST<1 in Methods 2a and 2b, Subdistribution hazard ratio > 1 in Method 4, and Ratio of CIF AUC >1 in Method 6 indicate treatment benefit.