Table 2.
Summary of various roles of O-glycans and related structures in perpetuating microbe-dependent diseases along the GI tract
| Maladaptive (O-)glycan Function | General Mechanism | Glycan Type | Mucina | Relevant Disease | Model | Affected Microbe(s) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| invasion | Modulation of microbiota | Blood group antigens | Muc2 | Intestinal infection | Mouse | S. Typhimurium | 91 |
| promoting growth | Commensal + antibiotic-dependent Sia liberation | Sialylated O-glycans | Muc2b | Intestinal infection | Mouse |
C. difficile S.Typhimurium |
170 |
| Sia metabolism by proinflammatory E. coli | 2,3 linked Sialylated Milk O-ligosaccharides | N/A | Acute colitis | Mouse | E. coli | 168 | |
| Pathogenic E. coli growth | O-acetylated Sialic Acid | N/A | Intestinal infection | In vitro | E. coli | 109 | |
| increase pathogen adherence |
Unknown | Core 2-derived O-glycans | MUC2 | Intestinal infection | In vitro/ Cell line |
EPEC and EHEC:O157H7 | 171,172 |
| Blood group antigen–binding adhesin (BabA) | βα1,2 Fuc | MUC5ACb | Gastric infection |
Mouse | H. pylori | 84 | |
| Sialic acid binding adhesin (SabA) | Sialylated O-glycans | MUC5ACb | 163 | ||||
| Promoting virulence | Complex O-glycan | MUC2 | Intestinal infection | In vitro | C.jejuni | 131 |
aNomenclature indicates original source of the mucin-type O-glycan (e.g., MUC2, human; Muc2, mouse)
bPresumed based on intestinal location where mucus was studied, but not verified in reference