Table 3.

Results from multivariable logistic regression models estimating the association between all-cause vision impairment and self-reported anxiety and/or depression

	MVI (PVA<6/18)			SVI (PVA<6/60)			Blind (PVA<3/60)
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Anxiety/depression
No	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Yes	1.999	1.48 to 2.70	<0.001	2.723	1.86 to 3.99	<0.001	3.973	2.54 to 6.21	<0.001
Gender
Male	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Female	1.042	0.84 to 1.30	0.713	1.047	0.84 to 1.30	0.677	1.052	0.85 to 1.31	0.645
Age (y)
50–59	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
60–69	0.851	0.67 to 1.09	0.199	0.866	0.68 to 1.10	0.237	0.874	0.69 to 1.11	0.269
70–79	0.878	0.57 to 1.36	0.560	0.931	0.61 to 1.42	0.741	0.957	0.63 to 1.45	0.838
≥80	0.929	0.59 to 1.46	0.750	1.037	0.67 to 1.61	0.872	1.074	0.69 to 1.67	0.751
Wealth
1st quintile	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2nd quintile	0.639	0.41 to 1.01	0.054	0.628	0.40 to 0.99	0.046	0.611	0.38 to 0.97	0.038
3rd quintile	0.846	0.57 to 1.26	0.410	0.827	0.55 to 1.23	0.351	0.814	0.55 to 1.21	0.313
4th quintile	1.114	0.69 to 1.79	0.655	1.111	0.69 to 1.78	0.662	1.100	0.68 to 1.77	0.696
5th quintile	1.169	0.71 to 1.91	0.534	1.142	0.69 to 1.88	0.601	1.118	0.68 to 1.85	0.664
Disability1
No	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Yes	4.818	3.19 to 7.28	<0.001	4.298	2.87 to 6.44	<0.001	3.873	2.59 to 5.78	<0.001
Constant	0.148	0.10 to 0.21	<0.001	0.153	0.10 to 0.22	<0.001	0.155	0.11 to 0.23	<0.001

Dependent variable=moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety and/or depression.

¹Additional disabilities (hearing, walking/climbing, remembering/concentrating, upper body, communication).