TABLE 2.
Distribution of BFS outcome and tested process of care mediators by veteran race/ethnicity
| Total sample, n = 17,911 | Non-Hispanic White, n = 13,792 | Non-Hispanic Black, n = 3445 | Hispanic, n = 674 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | |||||
| Poor/fair overall BFS rating, n (%) | 1824 (10.2) | 1241 (9.0) | 490 (14.2) | 93 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| Tested mediators | |||||
| EOL care processes | |||||
| Potentially burdensome transition, n (%) | 6438 (35.9) | 4989 (36.2) | 1189 (34.5) | 260 (38.6) | 0.07 |
| High-intensity EOL treatment, n (%) | 3459 (19.3) | 2512 (18.2) | 771 (22.4) | 176 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| BFS factors | |||||
| Care and Communication, mean ± SD | 13.0 ± 2.8 | 13.0 ± 2.7 | 12.8 ± 3.0 | 12.9 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Score ≥ median (14), n (%) | 10,568 (59.0) | 8195 (59.4) | 1970 (57.2) | 403 (59.8) | 0.05 |
| Emotional and Spiritual Support, mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 2.6 | 7.0 ± 2.5 | 6.3 ± 2.8 | 6.6 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Score ≥ median (8), % | 9602 (53.6) | 7743 (56.1) | 1510 (43.8) | 349 (51.8) | <0.001 |
| Death Benefits, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Score ≥ median (2), % | 9725 (54.3) | 7981 (57.9) | 1441 (41.8) | 303 (45.0) | <0.001 |
Note: p values determined using χ2 for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding. Theoretical range for BFS subscales: Care and Communication (0–15); Emotional and Spiritual Support (0–9), and Benefits (0–3).
Abbreviation: EOL, end-of-life.