Table 1.
Outcomes and hydroxyurea use for all pregnanciesa
| Pregnancies reported by 737 females (N=1513)b | Hydroxyurea at conception only (N=97) | Hydroxyurea at conception and during pregnancy (n=125) | Hydroxyurea during pregnancy only (N=16)c | No hydroxyurea exposure (N=1154) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Pregnancy outcome | |||||
|
| |||||
| Live birth | 1,079 (71.3%) | 74 (76.3%) | 67 (53.6%) | 12 (75.0%) | 848 (73.5%) |
| No problem | 576 (53.4%) | 40 (54.1%) | 26 (38.8%) | 7 (58.3%) | 467 (55.1%) |
| Prematurity | 384 (35.6%) | 29 (39.2%) | 30 (44.8%)) | 2 (16.7%) | 295 (34.8%) |
| Birth weight <5.5 lbs | 69 (6.4%) | 4 (5.4%) | 7 (10.4%) | 3 (25.0%) | 48 (5.7%) |
| Other serious medical problem in the infant | 53 (4.9%) | 2 (2.7%) | 5 (7.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | >41 (4.8%) |
|
| |||||
| Miscarriage | 394 (26.0%) | 17 (17.5%) | 54 (43.2%) | 3 (18.8%) | 279 (24.2%) |
|
| |||||
| Stillbirth | 40 (2.6%) | 6 (6.2%) | 4 (3.2%) | 1 (6.3%) | 27 (2.3%) |
|
| |||||
| Pregnancy number >3 a | 240 (15.9%) | 9 (9.3%) | 23 (18.4%) | 3 (18.8%) | 181 (15.7%) |
|
| |||||
| Age of mother at pregnancy, median (IQR) | 23 (20-27) | 23 (20.5-25.5) | 25 (22-30) | 22 (21-26) | 23 (20-27) |
|
| |||||
| Mother with severe sickling genotype | 1,010 (67.4%) | 79 (81.4%) | 105 (84.7%) | 10 (62.5%) | 725 (63.6%) |
|
| |||||
| History of stillbirth or miscarriage in mother at time of pregnancy | 430 (28.4%) | 18 (18.6%) | 44 (35.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | 327 (28.3%) |
|
| |||||
| Markers of SCD severity in mother at enrollment | |||||
|
| |||||
| Hydroxyurea use | 558 (36.8%) | 61 (62.9%) | 89 (71.2%) | 5 (31.3%) | 343 (29.7%) |
|
| |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), median (IQR) | 9.1 (8.0-10.5) | 8.2 (7.7-9.6) | 8.7 (7.7-9.8) | 10.2 (9.0-11.9) | 9.2 (8.0-10.6) |
|
| |||||
| Acute pain visits past year (no.), median (IQR) | 3 (1-6) | 3 (1-9) | 3 (1-9) | 2 (0-6) | 2 (1-6) |
|
| |||||
| Chronic kidney disease | 256 (16.9%) | 19 (19.6%) | 28 (22.4%) | 4 (25.0%) | 178 (15.4%) |
|
| |||||
| Pulmonary hypertension | 281 (18.6%) | 24 (24.7%) | 19 (15.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | 208 (18.0%) |
a
Excludes pregnancies that were current, missing an outcome, or ended in elective abortion
b
Includes 121 pregnancies with unknown hydroxyurea use at conception or during pregnancy
c
These 16 pregancies were reported by 13 women, 10 of whom (77%) had severe sickling genotype.