Table 2.

Molecular markers studied in thyroid FNAC aspirates and thyroid cancer specimens from India

Authors	Number of samples	Molecular marker studied	Test performance
Aron et al., Delhi [26]	70	Galectin-3	The smears stained positive for Galectin-3 in 80% of PTCs, 37.5% of FNs, and in 60% of benign nodules.
Choudhury et al., Delhi [27]	25	p53 and Ki-67	Ki-67 scores ranged from 2.2 to 13 in the DTCs while ranged 0.5–2 in benign nodules
Mehrotra et al., Lucknow [28]	123	Ki-67 and AgNORs	Mean AgNOR counts and Ki-67 labelling index were consistently higher in Follicular cancers compared to adenomas and hyper plastic nodules
Hemalatha et al., Vellore [29]	277	BRAF V600E	27.2% of FNA samples were positive for mutations; only 1 sample of those labelled as AUS was positive for BRAF; BRAF positive PTCs had higher rates of lymph node metastasis
George N et al., Lucknow [30]	109* PTC	BRAF V600E, RAS, RET/PTC	BRAF V600E noted in 51.38%, NRAS in 7.34% of all PTCs. No RET/PTC rearrangements were observed
Ahmad F et al., Mumbai [31]	95* Thyroid tumours	BRAF V600E	38% were BRAF positive
George N et al., Lucknow [32]	30* FVPTC	BRAF and RAS and NIS expression	BRAF mutation was observed in 62.5%; No NRAS mutation was found. Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expressions were down-regulated in invasive and infiltrative/diffuse FVPTC but not in NIFTP.
Krishnamurthy A et al., Chennai [33]	79* DTC	BRAF V600E	31% of the DTCs were positive for BRAF
Nair CG et al., Kochi [34]	59* PTC	BRAF V600E	51% harboured BRAF V600E mutation, but the mutation status was not associated with aggressive tumour factors and adverse outcome.
Chakraborty A et al., Mumbai [35]	140* Thyroid tumours	BRAF V600E	BRAF V600E in 53.4% of PTC. Classic PTC (61%) FVPTC (11.7%). Significant correlation between BRAF mutation status and extra-thyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumour stage.

*Studies on thyroid cancer specimens