TABLE 2.

Principal findings of MIA model studies included in this review.

	Animal model	Author	Specie	Sex	Age	Behavior characterization	Methods	Analysis	Results	Rescue experiments	Reelin alteration
Maternal immune activation models	Influenza	Fatemi et al., 2017	Mouse	Male	P0, P14, P35, and P56		Mouse offspring. Maternal exposure to H1N1 at E16.	Western blot (reelin, GABAr, FMRP, mGluR5, GAD65/67, and Vldlr) in cerebellum.	Altered FMRP expression (increased at P0 and P14), VLDLR (decreased at P14, increased at P35) and GAD65/67 (increased at P35). Impaired FMRP, glutamatergic and reelin signaling.		Impaired reelin signaling
	Poly(I:C)	Harvey and Boksa, 2012	Mouse	Male and female	P28		Mouse offspring. Maternal injection of 20 mg/kg at GD9.	Immunohistochemistry (NeuN, reelin and GAD67). Body weight control.	Decreased number of reelin- positive cells in dorsal stratum oriens. Increased GAD67 expression in ventral stratum oriens in females. Weight gain differences.		↓ reelin positives cells in stratum oriens
		Ratnayake et al., 2012	Mouse	Male and female	P1, P100	Open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze, rotarod.	Mouse offspring. Maternal injection of 0,5 mg/kg at GD20.	Immunohistochemistry and histology (reelin, GFAP, and Iba1). Behavioral characterization.	Impairment of non-spatial memory, learning and motor activity. Reduced reelin-positive cells and increased GFAP expression, and increased number of activated microglia in HP.		↓ reelin positives cells in HP
		Giother with the Viravanoli et al., 2014	Mouse	Male	P70		Mouse offspring. Maternal injection of 1 mg/kg at GD9 with sub-cronic stress.	Immunohistochemistry (PV and reelin).	Decreased number of GABAergic interneurons in ventral dentate gyrus (exposure to Poly(I:C) and stress). Stress increases reelin expression in control offspring and decreases reelin expression in the rodent model (exposure to Poly(I:C) and stress).		↓ reelin positives cells in HP
	LPS	Ghiani et al., 2011	Rat	Male and female	E18		Rat offspring (E18). Maternal injection of 200ug at GD15 and GD16.	Immunohistochemistry and staining.	Increased thickness of the cortical plate. Abnormal distribution of immature neuronal markers and lower expression of progenitor markers. Reduced levels of Reelin and GLAST. Alteration of neuronal maturation. Increased. GFAP levels by 40% after 72h of injection.		↓ reelin expression
		Harvey and Boksa, 2012	Mouse	Male and female	P14, P28		Mouse offspring. Maternal injection of 0,2 mg/kg at E9.	Immunohistochemistry (NeuN, reelin and GAD67). Body weight control.	Increased neuronal density at P14. Increased GAD67 expression in ventral stratum oriens at P28 in males. Weight gain differences.		No significant differences
		Nouel et al., 2012	Rat	Male	P14, P28		Rat injected with 100 ug/kg at E15 and E16.	Cell count of GAD67- andreelin-immunoreactive neurons in HP. Western blot (reelin and GAD67).	Reduced GAD67-positive cells in dentate gyrus and CA1. Decreased reelin-positives cells in dentate gyrus and CA1.		↓ reelin positives cells in HP

Poly(I:C), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.