Table 1.

Prevalence (%, 95% confidence interval) and types of NSs used by older adults.

Variables		n	Any NSs	Protein	Calcium	Iron	Zinc	Multivitamin	Vitamin A/D	DHA	Others
Total		11,089	12.28 (11.68–12.91)	2.73 (2.44–3.05)	8.49 (7.98–9.03)	0.84 (0.68–1.03)	0.78 (0.62–0.96)	2.40 (2.12–2.70)	1.89 (1.65–2.16)	0.58 (0.44–0.74)	1.98 (1.73–2.26)
Gender	Male	4,953	10.94 (10.09–11.85)	2.71 (2.27–3.20)	7.13 (6.43–7.88)	0.95 (0.70–1.26)	0.83 (0.59–1.12)	2.38 (1.98–2.85)	1.94 (1.57–2.36)	0.69 (0.48–0.96)	1.92 (1.55–2.34)
	Female	6,136	13.36 (12.52–14.24)	2.75 (2.36–3.20)	9.60 (8.87–10.36)	0.75 (0.55–1.00)	0.73 (0.54–0.98)	2.41 (2.04–2.83)	1.86 (1.54–2.23)	0.49 (0.33–0.70)	2.04 (1.70–2.42)
Age,y	65–74	2,731	11.64 (10.46–12.91)	1.68 (1.24–2.24)	8.79 (7.75–9.91)	0.40 (0.20–0.72)	0.44 (0.23–0.77)	1.72 (1.27–2.28)	1.50 (1.08–2.03)	0.55 (0.31–0.90)	1.57 (1.14–2.12)
	75–84	3,034	12.52 (11.37–13.76)	2.08 (1.60–2.64)	8.83 (7.85–9.90)	0.86 (0.56–1.25)	0.76 (0.48–1.14)	2.44 (1.92–3.05)	1.94 (1.48–2.50)	0.63 (0.38–0.98)	1.94 (1.48–2.50)
	85–94	2,738	13.48 (12.22–14.81)	3.4 (2.75–4.15)	9.24 (8.18–10.39)	1.06 (0.71–1.52)	0.95 (0.06–1.39)	2.78 (2.19–3.46)	2.37 (1.84–3.02)	0.69 (0.42–1.08)	2.34 (1.80–2.98)
	≥95	2,586	11.41 (10.21–12.70)	3.91 (3.19–4.73)	7 (6.05–8.05)	1.04 (0.69–1.52)	0.97 (0.63–1.42)	2.67 (2.08–3.36)	1.74 (1.27–2.32)	0.43 (0.21–0.76)	2.09 (1.57–2.72)
Hukou	Rural	7,836	9.98 (9.21–10.66)	2.12 (1.81–2.46)	7.68 (7.10–8.29)	0.54 (0.39–0.72)	0.5 (0.35–0.68)	1.05 (0.83–1.30)	1.05 (0.83–1.30)	0.20 (0.12–0.33)	1.26 (1.03–1.54)
	Urban	3,253	17.83 (16.53–19.19)	4.21 (3.55–4.96)	10.45 (9.42–11.55)	1.57 (1.17–2.06)	1.44 (1.06–1.92)	5.66 (4.89–6.51)	3.93 (3.29–4.66)	1.48 (1.09–1.95)	3.72 (3.10–4.43)
Marital status	Married	4,896	12.01 (11.11–12.95)	2.08 (1.70–2.52)	8.31 (7.55–9.12)	0.88 (0.64–1.18)	0.71 (0.50–0.99)	2.45 (2.04–2.92)	1.84 (1.48–2.25)	0.61 (0.41–0.87)	1.98 (1.61–2.41)
	Others	6,193	12.5 (11.68–13.35)	3.25 (2.82–3.72)	8.64 (7.95–9.37)	0.81 (0.60–1.06)	0.82 (0.61–1.08)	2.36 (1.99–2.77)	1.94 (1.61–2.31)	0.55 (0.38–0.77)	1.99 (1.65–2.37)
Education level	Illiterate	5,224	10.16 (0.94–11.02)	2.32 (1.93–2.76)	7.68 (6.97–8.43)	0.52 (0.34–0.75)	0.52 (0.34–0.75)	1.19 (0.91–1.52)	1.15 (0.88–1.48)	0.31 (0.18–0.50)	1.42 (1.11–1.78)
	Primary and middle school	4,792	13.11 (12.16–14.09)	2.82 (2.37–3.33)	8.81 (8.02–9.64)	0.83 (0.60–1.13)	0.69 (0.47–0.97)	2.59 (2.16–3.08)	1.94 (1.57–2.37)	0.54 (0.35–0.79)	2.19 (1.80–2.65)
	High school and above	1,073	18.92 (16.62–21.39)	4.38 (3.24–5.78)	11.09 (9.27–13.12)	2.42 (1.59–3.53)	2.42 (1.59–3.53)	7.46 (5.96–9.19)	5.31 (4.05–6.83)	2.05 (1.29–3.09)	3.82 (2.76–5.15)
Living standard	Very good/good	2,168	18.68 (17.06–20.39)	4.75 (3.89–5.73)	12.32 (10.96–13.77)	1.80 (1.28–2.45)	1.71 (1.20–2.34)	4.61 (3.77–5.58)	3.64 (2.90–4.52)	1.29 (0.86–1.86)	2.95 (2.28–3.75)
	Fair	7,801	11.25 (10.56–11.98)	2.35 (2.02–2.71)	7.88 (7.30–8.50)	0.65 (0.49–0.86)	0.59 (0.43–0.79)	2.01 (1.71–2.35)	1.54 (1.28–1.84)	0.44 (0.30–0.61)	1.87 (1.58–2.20)
	Bad/very bad	1,120	7.05 (5.62–8.71)	1.52 (0.89–2.42)	5.36 (4.12–6.84)	0.27 (0.06–0.78)	0.27 (0.05–0.78)	0.80 (0.37–1.52)	0.98 (0.49–1.75)	0.18 (0.02–0.64)	0.89 (0.43–1.64)
Health status	Very good/good	5,203	12.68 (11.79–13.62)	2.94 (2.50–3.44)	8.76 (8.01–9.57)	1.00 (0.75–1.31)	1.00 (0.75–1.31)	2.52 (2.11–2.98)	2.00 (1.64–2.42)	0.69 (0.49–0.96)	1.92 (1.57–2.33)
	Fair	4,319	11.30 (10.37–12.28)	2.45 (2.01–2.96)	7.76 (6.98–8.59)	0.72 (0.49–1.02)	0.63 (0.41–0.91)	2.32 (1.89–2.81)	1.74 (1.37–2.17)	0.46 (0.28–0.71)	2.01 (1.62–2.48)
	Bad/very bad	1,567	13.66 (11.99–15.46)	2.81 (2.05–3.75)	9.64 (8.22–11.21)	0.64 (0.31–1.17)	0.45 (0.18–0.92)	2.23 (1.56–3.09)	1.98 (1.35–2.80)	0.51 (0.22–1.00)	2.11 (1.45–2.94)
Sleep quality	Very good/good	5,775	12.85 (12.00–13.74)	2.79 (2.38–3.25)	8.59 (7.88–9.34)	0.85 (0.63–1.12)	0.83 (0.61–1.10)	2.39 (2.01–2.82)	1.97 (1.63–2.37)	0.48 (0.32–0.70)	2.20 (1.84–2.61)
	Fair	3,616	11.06 (10.06–12.13)	2.43 (1.96–2.99)	8.21 (7.34–9.16)	0.80 (0.54–1.15)	0.69 (0.45–1.02)	2.41 (1.93–2.96)	1.77 (1.37–2.25)	0.66 (0.43–0.99)	1.69 (1.29–2.16)
	Bad/very bad	1,698	12.96 (11.39–14.65)	3.18 (2.40–4.13)	8.78 (7.47–10.22)	0.88 (0.50–1.45)	0.77 (0.41–1.31)	2.41 (1.74–3.26)	1.88 (1.29–2.65)	0.71 (0.37–0.12)	1.88 (1.29–2.65)
Smoke	Never	7,674	12.51 (11.78–13.27)	2.70 (2.35–3.08)	8.70 (8.08–9.36)	0.85 (0.65–1.08)	0.82 (0.63–1.05)	2.44 (2.10–2.81)	1.97 (1.67–2.30)	0.69 (0.52–0.90)	2.11 (1.81–2.46)
	Former	1,694	14.17 (12.54–15.92)	3.78 (2.92–4.80)	9.15 (7.82–10.62)	1.12 (0.68–1.75)	0.89 (0.50–1.46)	3.07 (2.30–4.01)	2.54 (1.84–3.40)	0.30 (0.10–0.69)	2.18 (1.54–3.00)
	Current	1,721	9.41 (8.07–10.89)	1.86 (1.28–2.61)	6.91 (5.76–8.22)	0.52 (0.24–0.99)	0.46 (0.20–0.91)	1.57 (1.04–2.27)	0.93 (0.53–1.51)	0.35 (0.13–0.76)	1.22 (0.76–1.86)
Drink	Never	8,104	12.64 (11.92–13.38)	2.81 (2.46–3.20)	8.65 (8.05–9.28)	0.80 (0.06–1.02)	0.72 (0.54–0.92)	2.44 (2.12–2.80)	1.92 (1.64–2.25)	0.58 (0.43–0.77)	2.07 (1.77–2.41)
	Former	1,320	12.20 (10.48–14.08)	3.56 (2.63–4.71)	8.03 (6.62–9.63)	1.44 (0.87–2.24)	1.29 (0.75–2.05)	2.58 (1.79–3.58)	2.27 (1.54–3.23)	0.38 (0.12–0.88)	2.12 (1.41–3.05)
	Current	1,665	10.63 (9.19–12.21)	1.68 (1.12–2.42)	8.11 (6.84–9.52)	0.54 (0.25–1.02)	0.66 (0.33–1.18)	2.04 (1.42–2.84)	1.44(0.93–2.14)	0.72 (0.37–1.26)	1.44 (0.93–2.14)
Exercise	Never	6,595	8.10 (7.45–8.78)	1.91 (1.59–2.27)	5.72 (5.17–6.30)	0.44 (0.30–0.63)	0.35 (0.22–0.52)	1.24 (0.99–1.54)	1.05 (0.08–1.32)	0.26 (0.15–0.41)	1.12 (0.88–1.41)
	Former	861	19.62 (17.03–22.44)	4.53 (3.24–6.14)	13.12 (10.94–15.56)	1.97 (1.15–3.14)	2.21 (1.33–3.42)	5.11 (3.74–6.80)	3.72 (2.56–5.21)	0.93 (0.40–1.82)	3.37 (2.27–4.80)
	Current	3,633	18.14 (16.90–19.43)	3.80 (3.20–4.47)	12.44 (11.39–13.56)	1.29 (0.95–1.72)	1.21 (0.88–1.62)	3.85 (3.25–4.53)	3.00 (2.47–3.61)	1.07 (0.76–1.46)	3.22 (2.67–3.85)