Table 3.

Impact of digital health technologies on quality of life.

Author, year	Type of Intervention	Outcome Measurements	Duration of Follow-up	Findings
Quality of life
Cross R, 2019	1. TELE-IBD weekly (W) 2. TELE-IBD every other week (EOW) 3. Control	IBDQ questionnaire. Higher scores associated with better quality of life. Score changes of 16 from baseline are significant.	12 months	Increase in IBDQ from baseline but only significant in EOW (p=0.03) with no difference between groups
Cross R, 2012	1. UCHAT – comprised of a home unit, decision support server, and a web-based clinician portal 2. Best available care (BAC)	IBDQ questionnaire. Higher scores associated with better quality of life. Score changes of 16 from baseline are significant.	12 months	IBDQ scores significantly higher at baseline in BAC 190.8 +/−24.2 vs. 171.6 +/−30.1 in UCHAT (p=0.02) IBDQ scores increased in UCHAT and remained stable in BAC; the differences were not significant between groups at any point in time post baseline studies
De Jong, 2017	1. Web-based (myIBDcoach) 2. Control	SIBDQ (10-item questionnaire; 4 domains)	12 months	There was a trend towards improvement in quality of life and knowledge of IBD in the intervention group
Elkjaer M, 2010	1. Web (Constant-Care) 2. Control	S-IBDQ: short IBD QoL questionnaire checking for bowel symptoms, systemic symptoms, emotional and social functions (10→70) Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Short Form-12 (SF-12) SF-36 for Denmark and SF-12 for Ireland: health survey	12 months	Denmark Significant improvement in web-group in disease specific QoL (p=0.04), Ireland No significant difference in improvement of IBD disease-specific QoL Disease-specific QoL significantly improved in Denmark but not in Ireland
Akobeng AK, 2015	1. Mobile-based (telephone consultation) 2. Control	Pediatric IBD-specific IMPACT quality of life (QOL)	12 months	No significant differences in IMPACT QOL score at 12 months.
Carlsen K, 2017 (Non-biologic cohort)	1. Web-based (yong.constant-care.com) 2. Control	IMPACT III – self-reported HRQoL questionnaire developed by the Pediatric IBD working group	24 months	No significant differences in the changes in IMPACT III scores between the two groups.
Carlsen K, 2017 (Biologic cohort; IFX)	1. Web-based (yong.constant-care.com) 2. Control	IMPACT III – self-reported HRQoL questionnaire developed by the Pediatric IBD working group	24 months	No difference in the HRQoL scores.
Del Hoyo, 2019	1. Web-based telemedicine - remote monitoring (G_TECCU) 2. Nurse-assisted telephone care (G_NT) 3. Standard care with in-person visits (G_control)	Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) as captured by Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire 9 (IBDQ-9).	6 months	HRQoL in all 3 groups improved after 24 weeks but was not statistically different among the three groups.
Heida, 2017	1. Telemonitoring (web-based) 2. Control	QoL was measured with IBD-specific IMPACT-III	12 months	There was a higher proportion of patients who reported positive QoL changes from baseline in the telemonitoring group compared to the standard-of-care group but this did not reach statistical significance.
McCombie, 2020	1. Mobile application (IBDsmart and IBDoc) 2. Control	HRQOL was measured using IBDQ.	12 months	Intervention group had significantly lower number of outpatient appointments without worsening in symptoms or HRQOL measures.
Schljep M, 2020	1. TELE-IBD weekly (W) 2. TELE IBD every other week (EOW) 3. Control	Quality of Life was measured by the Short Form 12 (SF-12)	12 months	While depressive symptoms and QoL improved from baseline to follow-up, telemedicine did not improve generic QoL or depressive symptoms in the intervention group compared to the standard of care.

W: Weekly

EOW: Every other week

QoL: Quality of life

HRQoL: Health related quality of life

BAC: Best available care

IMPACT-III: IBD Questionnaire

IBDQ: IBD Questionnaire

IBDQ-9: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire 9

SIBDQ: Short IBD Questionnaire