Table 2.

Improvement of PSQI and FFS after 4-weeks taVNS treatment ($\overline{x}$ ± s).

Items	Baseline	After treatment	Z	p -value
PSQI (N = 20)	12.7 ± 3.715	9.75 ± 4.278†	3.337	0.003
FFS (N = 20)	14.5 ± 5.92	11.5 ± 4.136*	2.860	0.010

^*p < 0.05;

^†p < 0.01; Z, Wilcoxon rank testing; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; FFS, Flinders Fatigue Scale; Change at week 4 to baseline mean (95% CI).