TABLE 3.

Predictors of pain intensity during pain and relief phases (Results of generalized linear models, GLM).

Subjective pain intensity during pain phase (R2 = 0.21)
Predictors	Estimates	Std. Beta	CI	Std. CI	t	p	df
(Intercept)	23.59	0.00	-29.53–76.71	–0.30–0.30	0.87	0.39	33
Pre-treatment expectation (VAS)	0.16	0.10	–0.41–0.74	–0.26–0.46	0.56	0.58	33
Treatment efficacy rating for pain phase (VAS)	–0.014	–0.13	–0.49–0.21	–0.46–0.20	–0.76	0.45	33
Stimulus intensity for pain phase (mmHg)	0.74	0.40	0.11–1.37	0.06–0.74	2.30	0.028	33
Tension after pain phase (VAS)	0.20	0.30	–0.01–0.40	–0.02–0.62	1.86	0.072	33
Duration of medication reminder communication (minutes)	–0.28	–0.04	–2.54–1.98	-0.39–0.30	–0.24	0.81	33
Subjective pain intensity during relief phase (R2 = 0.52)
Predictors	Estimates	Std. Beta	CI	Std. CI	t	p	df
(Intercept)	49.24	–0.00	12.49–85.98	–0.24–0.24	2.63	0.013	32
Pre-treatment expectation (VAS)	–0.47	0.30	–0.94 – –0.00	–0.61 – –0.00	–1.97	0.057	32
Treatment efficacy rating for relief phase (VAS)	0.19	0.18	–0.09–0.47	–0.09–0.45	1.31	0.20	32
Perceived intensity for pain phase (VAS)	0.19	0.20	–0.10–0.48	–0.10–0.50	1.30	0.20	32
Stimulus intensity for relief phase (mmHg)	–0.71	–0.40	–1.20 – –0.22	–0.67 – –0.12	–2.85	0.008	32
Tension after relief phase (VAS)	0.36	0.56	0.16–0.57	0.25–0.88	3.48	0.001	32
Duration of medication reminder communication (minutes)	–1.49	–0.24	–3.28–0.29	–0.52–0.05	–1.64	0.11	32

Separate generalized linear models (GLMs) with pre-treatment expectation as exploratory and perceived intensity ratings as response variables were calculated for the pain and pain relief phases, respectively, in all positively instructed volunteers (N = 40, placebo group). CI, confidence interval; df, degree of freedom; Std., Standardized; t, t value; VAS, visual analog scale. Significant p-values are printed in bold.