Table 2.
Ongoing or completed preclinical/clinical studies with OVs and ICIs or ACT therapies
| Immunotherapy type | Oncolytic virus | Transgenes | Combination agent/target | Tumor type | Reference/identifier | Phase/status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus (CG0070) | GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab | Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer | NCT04387461 | Phase II Recruiting | |
| Adenovirus (DNX2401) | None | Pembrolizumab | Glioblastoma and gliosarcoma | NCT02798406 | Phase II Completed | |
| Adenovirus (ONCOS-102) | GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab | Unresectable melanoma | NCT03003676 | Phase I Pilot study Completed | |
| Adenovirus (Telomelysin) | None | Pembrolizumab | Head and beck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | NCT04685499 | Phase II Recruiting | |
| Vaccinia Virus (BT-001) | CTLA4 Antibody and GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab | Metastatic/advanced solid tumors | NCT04725331 | Phase I/II Recruiting | |
| Vaccinia Virus (TBio-6517) | None | Pembrolizumab | Triple negative breast cancer; Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer | NCT04301011 | Phase I/IIa Recruiting | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (IMLYGIC) | GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab | Stage IIIB-IVM1d melanoma | NCT04068181 | Phase II Active, Not Recruiting | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (IMLYGIC) | GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab + placebo | Unresectable stage IIIB–IVM1c melanoma (MEL) | NCT02263508 | Phase Ib/III Terminated | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus (ONCR-177) | None | Pembrolizumab | Melanoma; HNSCC; Breast cancer; Triple-negative breast cancer; Colorectal carcinoma; Nonmelanoma skin cancer | NCT04348916 | Phase I Recruiting | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (OH2) | None | Pembrolizumab | Melanoma | NCT04386967 | Phase I Recruiting | |
| Maraba Virus (MG1-MAGEA3) + Ad MAGEA3) | MAGE-A3 | Pembrolizumab | Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) | NCT02879760 | Phase I/II Completed | |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitors | OVV-01 | None | Pembrolizumab or atezolizumab | Advanced solid tumors | NCT04787003 | Phase I Recruiting |
| Reovirus (REOLYSIN) | None | Pembrolizumab | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | NCT02620423 | Phase Ib Completed | |
| Coxsackie Virus (CAVATAK) | None | Pembrolizumab | NSCLC | NCT02824965 | Phase I/II Active, not recruiting | |
| Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV-IFNβ-NIS) | IFNβ and the Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) | Pembrolizumab | Refractory NSCLC and HNSCC | NCT03647163 | Phase I/II Recruiting | |
| Vaccinia Viruses (Pexa-Vec) | GM-CSF | Ipilimumab | Metastatic/advanced solid tumors | NCT02977156 | Phase I Recruiting | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (IMLYGIC) | GM-CSF | Ipilimumab + Nivolumab | Triple-negative or estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative localized breast cancer | NCT04185311 Phase I | Active, Not Recruiting | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HF10) | None | Ipilimumab | Unresectable or metastatic melanoma | NCT03153085 | Phase II Completed | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HF10) | None | Ipilimumab | Unresectable or metastatic melanoma | NCT02272855 | Phase II Completed | |
| Coxsackievirus (CVA21) | None | Ipilimumab | Uveal melanoma metastases to liver | NCT03408587 | Phase I b Completed | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (RP1) | None | Nivolumab | Advanced and/or refractory solid tumors | NCT03767348 | Phase I/II Recruiting | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HF10) | None | Nivolumab | Resectable stage IIIB, IIIC, IVM1a melanoma | NCT03259425 | Phase II Terminated with Results | |
| Reovirus (REOLYSIN) | None | Nivolumab + carfilzomib+ dexamethasone | Recurrent plasma cell myeloma | NCT03605719 | Phase I Recruiting | |
| Reovirus (REOLYSIN) | None | Avelumab + paclitaxel | Breast cancer metastatic | NCT04215146 | Phase II/III Recruiting | |
| Poxvirus (JX-594) | GM-CSF and beta-galactosidase | Avelumab + metronomic cyclophosphamide | Sarcoma; Advanced breast cancer | NCT02630368 | Phase II Recruiting | |
| Adenovirus (LOAd703) | 4-1BBL+CD40L | Atezolizumab | Pancreatic cancer | NCT02705196 | Phase I/IIa Recruiting | |
| Adenovirus (LOAd703) | 4-1BBL+CD40L | Atezolizumab | Malignant melanoma | NCT04123470 | Phase I/II Recruiting | |
| Reovirus (REOLYSIN) | None | Atezolizumab | Early breast cancer | NCT04102618 | Early Phase I Recruiting | |
| Maraba Virus (MG1-E6E7) | Mutant HPV E6 and E7 | Atezolizumab | HPV-associated cancers | NCT03618953 | Phase I/Ib Active, Not Recruiting | |
| OVV-01 | None | Pembrolizumab or atezolizumab | Advanced solid tumors | NCT04787003 | Phase I Recruiting | |
| Adenovirus (VCN-01) | PH20 | Durvalumab | R/M head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Phase I Recruiting | ||
| Poxvirus (JX-594) | GM-CSF and beta-galactosidase | Durvalumab + tremelimumab | Refractory colorectal cancer | NCT03206073 | Phase I/II Active, Not Recruiting | |
| CAR T Cells | Adenovirus (CAdVEC) | None | HER2-CAR T | HER2 positive cancer | NCT03740256 | Phase I Recruiting |
| Vaccinia Virus (VV.CXCL11) | CXCL11 | Mesothelin-CAR T | Lung cancer | 155 | Preclinical Study | |
| Adenovirus (OAd-TNFa-IL2) | TNF-α and IL-2 | Mesothelin-CAR T | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | 68 | ||
| Vaccinia Virus (rTTVΔTK-IL21) | IL-21 | CD19-CAR T | Lung cancer | 68 | ||
| Adenovirus (oAD-IL7) | IL-7 | B7H3-CAR T | Glioblastoma | 20 | ||
| Adenovirus (Ad.sTbRFc) | sTGFβRIIFc (targeting TGFβ) | Mesothelin-CAR T | Breast cancer | 20 | ||
| Adenovirus (OAd-BiTE) | BiTE (targeting EGFR and CD3) | Folate receptor alpha (FR-α)-CAR T | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | 20 | ||
| Adenovirus (CAdTrio) | BiTE (targeting CD44v6 and CD3), PD-L1Ab, IL-12p70 | HER2-CAR T | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma | 68 | ||
| Chimeric Orthopoxvirus (OV19t) | CD19 | CD19-CAR T | Breast cancer | 68 | ||
| Vaccinia Virus (mCD19 VV) | mCD19 | mCD19-CAR T | Melanoma | 68 | ||
| Adenovirus (CAd-VECPDL1) | PD-L1 mini-body | HER2-CAR T | Prostate; squamous cell carcinoma | 68 | ||
| CAR NK | Vaccinia Virus (OV-ffLuc-CCL5) | CCL5 | CCR5- NK | Colon cancer | 68 | |
| Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (OV-IL15C) | IL15/IL15Rα Sushi domain | EGFR-CAR NK | Glioblastoma | 68 | ||
| Adoptive TILs | Poxvirus (vvDD-IL2) | IL-2 | TILs | Colon cancer | 68 |