Fig. 5. Additional potential issues that the Waffle Method may rectify.

a Thin, long complexes, such as actin and microtubules depicted here, will exist in all orientations in waffled lamellae. b Single particle protein samples (depicted: internal T20S proteasome EM density map) that exhibit inhibitive issues (e.g. denaturation, aggregation, preferred orientation) when prepared conventionally in a thin film may be prepared without those issues using the Waffle Method. c Long cells, such as the Spirochaeta plicatilis depicted here (0.2–0.75 μm in diameter by 5–250 μm in length), may be imaged in all orientations with the Waffle Method, which may also allow for the cell membrane to be studied more thoroughly. UCSF Chimera⁴¹ was used for molecule depiction in (a) and (b).¹.