Table 3. Overall weighted differences (with 95% CI) in hormonal, sperm, body composition and metabolic parameters as derived from meta-analysis in men using or not using anabolic androgenic steroids.
| Parameter | Study no. | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hormonal parameters | ||||
| Lutenizing hormone (mU/mL) | 8 | -2.60 (-3.18 to -2.01) | <0.0001 | |
| Follicular stimulating hormone (mU/mL) | 8 | -2.61 (-3.32 to -1.91) | <0.0001 | |
| Total testosterone (nmol/L) | 9 | 8.75 (0.79 to 16.72) | <0.03 | |
| Total estradiol (pmol/L) | 5 | 170.23 (81.10 to 259.36) | <0.0001 | |
| Sex hormone binding globulin (nmol/L) | 2 | -17.06 (-33.58 to -0.54) | 0.04 | |
| Sperm parameters | ||||
| Sperm count (×106) | 2 | -47.28 (-79.93 to -14.62) | <0.0001 | |
| Sperm concentration (×106/mL) | 3 | -39.59 (-82.82 to 3.63) | 0.07 | |
| Normal morphology | 3 | -2.00 (-2.95 to -1.04)a | <0.0001 | |
| Body composition and metabolic parameters | ||||
| Lean mass | 5 | 1.24 (0.62 to 1.87)a | <0.0001 | |
| Fat mass | 4 | -1.07 (-1.53 to -0.61)a | <0.0001 | |
| Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4 | 0.63 (0.38 to 0.88) | <0.0001 | |
| High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5 | -0.43 (-0.56 to -0.31) | <0.0001 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4 | 0.13 (-0.24 to 0.51) | 0.48 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 3 | 0.16 (-0.23 to 0.55) | 0.43 | |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 2 | 0.11 (-0.36 to 0.59) | 0.63 | |
CI: confidence interval.
aStandardized mean (95% CI).