Table 3.
Complications faced by the pregnant women during the lockdown in various stages of pregnancy and the postpartum period
| Bathinda | Faridkot | Muktsar | Total | P value | |
| Total | 742 (100) | 532 (100) | 100 (100) | 1374 (100) | |
| Pregnancy | |||||
| Complications observed during pregnancy | 548 (78.9) | 447 (84) | 80 (80) | 1075 (78.2) | <0.001 |
| Type of complications | |||||
| Anaemia | 499 (91.0) | 432 (96.6) | 78 (97.5) | 1009 (93.8) | <0.001 |
| Hyperemesis gravidarum | 96 (17.5) | 57 (12.7) | 2 (2.5) | 155 (14.4) | <0.01 |
| Need for blood transfusion | 38 (5.1) | 49 (9.2) | 4 (4.0) | 91 (6.6) | |
| Hypertension | 35 (6.3) | 16 (3.5) | 3 (3.7) | 54 (5.0) | >0.05 |
| Antepartum haemorrhage | 40 (7.2) | 17 (3.8) | 2 (2.5) | 59 (5.4) | >0.05 |
| Preterm labour | 39 (7.1) | 19 (4.2) | 1 (1.2) | 59 (5.4) | >0.05 |
| Premature rupture of membranes | 17 (3.1) | 7 (1.5) | 0 | 24 (2.2) | >0.05 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (0.7) | 5 (1.1) | 0 | 9 (0.8) | >0.05 |
| Delivery at | <0.001 | ||||
| Planned place | 606 (81.7) | 428 (80.5) | 96 (96) | 1130 (82.2) | |
| Unplanned place | 115 (15.5) | 95 (17.9) | 4 (4) | 214 (15.6) | |
| Home | 21 (2.8) | 9 (1.7) | 0 | 30 (2.2) | |
| Mode of birth | <0.001 | ||||
| NVD | 451 (60.8) | 315 (59.2) | 79 (79) | 845 (61.5) | |
| LSCS | 238 (32.1) | 154 (28.9) | 19 (19) | 411 (29.9) | |
| Instrumental (forceps/ventouse) | 31 (4.2) | 44 (8.3) | 2 (2.0) | 77 (5.6) | |
| Postpartum period | |||||
| Eventful | 76 (10.2) | 35 (6.6) | 3 (3) | 114 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Type of complications faced | <0.05 | ||||
| Wound (episiotomy/caesarean) related | 18 (2.4) | 13 (2.4) | 2 (2) | 33 (2.4) | |
| Local (perineal) | 3 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.2) | |
| Systemic | 27 (3.6) | 18 (3.4) | 1 (1) | 46 (3.3) | |
| Breast related | 28 (3.8) | 4 (0.8) | 0 | 32 (2.3) | |
| Complications attended | <0.05 | ||||
| Yes | 49 (6.6) | 25 (4.7) | 3 (3) | 77 (5.6) | |
| Complications attended by | >0.05 | ||||
| MedicalSpecialist | 20 (2.7) | 14 (2.6) | 1 (1) | 35 (2.5) | |
| General Physician | 8 (1.1) | 5 (0.9) | 1 (1) | 14 (1.0) | |
| Nurse | 13 (1.8) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1) | 15 (1.1) | |
| ANM | 4 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 | 7 (0.5) | |
| ASHA | 4 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 6 (0.4) | |
| O (This row can be deleted) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Care seeked through | >0.05 | ||||
| OPD services | 22 (3.0) | 12 (2.3) | 3 (3) | 37 (2.7) | |
| Hospitalisation | 24 (3.2) | 10 (1.9) | 0 | 34 (2.5) | |
| Teleconsultation | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | 0 | 6 (0.4) | |
| Healthcare workers visited home in the postnatal period | 455 (61.3) | 345 (64.8) | 83 (83) | 883 (64.3) | 0.001 |
| Told about the danger signs of the postpartum period | 386 (52) | 288 (54.1) | 76 (76) | 750 (54.6) | <0.001 |
| Family planning services in postpartum period | |||||
| Availed any contraceptives | 464 (62.5) | 237 (44.5) | 100 (100) | 762 (55.5) | <0.001 |
| Type | <0.001 | ||||
| Temporary methods | 432 (58.2) | 220 (41.4) | 58 (58) | 710 (51.7) | |
| Permanent | 32 (4.3) | 17 (3.2) | 3 (3) | 52 (3.8) | |
| Difficulty faced in availing services | 5 (0.7) | 7 (1.3) | 1 (1) | 13 (0.9) | >0.05 |
| Type of difficulty faced | |||||
| Neglection by staff | 1 (20) | 0 | 0 | 1 (7.6) | |
| Unavailability of contraceptives | 3 (60) | 6 (71.4) | 1 (100) | 10 (76.9) | |
| Contraceptives not placed properly | 1 (20) | 1 (4.2) | 0 | 2 (15.3) | |
| Abortion services | >0.05 | ||||
| Total | 22 (100) | 19 (100) | 0 | 41 (100) | |
| Visited the hospital | >0.05 | ||||
| Yes | 19 (86.3) | 17 (89.4) | 0 | 36 (87.8) | |
| No | 3 (13.6) | 2 (10.5) | 0 | 5 (12.1) | |
| Faced difficulty to access healthcare facility | 5 (22.7) | 4 (21.5) | 0 | 9 (21.9) | >0.05 |
| Neonatal outcomes | |||||
| Baby attended by a paediatrician at the time of birth | 349 (47) | 352 (66.2) | 19 (19) | 720 (52.4) | <0.001 |
| Breast feeding initiated within a half-hour of NVD and 6 hours of LSCS | 528 (71.2) | 405 (76.1) | 81 (81) | 1014 (73.8) | <0.05 |
| Colostrum is given to baby | 605 (81.5) | 429 (80.6) | 92 (92) | 1126 (82) | >0.05 |
| Prelacteal feeds given to baby | 578 (77.9) | 433 (81.4) | 88 (88) | 1099 (80) | <0.05 |
| Mother taught about breast feeding, latching and kangaroo mother care practices | 647 (87.2) | 460 (86.5) | 95 (95) | 1202 (87.5) | >0.05 |
| Birth registered within 14 days for birth certificate | 674 (90.8) | 473 (88.9) | 94 (94) | 1241 (90.3) | >0.05 |
| If the baby was preterm, did the baby need NICU admission | 80 (10.8) | 69 (12.6) | 6 (6) | 155 (11.1) | >0.05 |
| Did you face any difficulty with NICU admission | 4 (5) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.25) | 7 (8.75) | >0.05 |
| Immunisation services | |||||
| Newborn vaccinated as per UIP | 700 (94.3) | 499 (93.8) | 100 (100) | 1299 (94.5) | >0.05 |
| Services provided at | |||||
| Government setup | 676 (91.1) | 480 (90.2) | 98 (98) | 1254 (91.3) | |
| Private setup | 25 (3.4) | 19 (3.6) | 2 (2) | 46 (3.3) |
ANM, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives; ASHA, Accredited Social Health Activist; LSCS, Lower Segment Cesarean Section; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; NVD, Normal Vaginal Delivery; OPD, outpatient department; UIP, Universal Immunisation Programme.