Table 1.
General Characteristics of included studies for association of NWO with CMRFs.
| Author Year | Country | sample size | Mean Age/Age Range | Study Population | Definition of NWO* | Q.A | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | M | F | NWNO | NWO | ||||||
| Bellissimo 2019 (15) | USA | 289 | 63 | 116 | 26 | 43 | 47 | Adults/general population | BF: 23% men, 30% women | 6 |
| Berg 2015 (16) | Sweden | 1471 | 581 | 890 | 1080 | 266 | 25-74 | Adults /general population | BF: 25% men , 38% women | 8 |
| W. K. Cho 2015 (17) | Korea | 1700 | 888 | 812 | 1266 | 144 | 13-18 | Adolescents | upper highest quartile (Q4) of age and sex specific Waist-to-height ratio | 8 |
| M. Correa 2020 (18) | Colombia | 1354 | 528 | 826 | 961 | 393 | 18-32 | Adults /general population | BF: 25.5% men , 38.9% women | 9 |
| Ramsaran 2017 (19) | West Indies | 236 | 76 | 160 | 189 | 74 | 18-32 | Adults /general population | BF: 23% men , 33% women | 6 |
| A. García 2020 (20) | Colombia | 1919 | 955 | 964 | 1035 | 884 | 13 | Children and Adolescents | BF: boys > 23.4%–28.3% and girls > 31.0%–34.1% | 7 |
| H. He 2019 (21) | China | 2654 | (–) | (-) | 1916 | 729 | 46.9 ± 1380 | Adults /general population | BF: 21.4% men , 31.4% women | 9 |
| A. Jia 2018 (22) | China | 15291 | 1492 | 13799 | 9988 | 1771 | under 75 | Adults / general population | BF: ≥24% for men and ≥33% for women | 10 |
| Kapoor 2020 (23) | India | 1147 | 619 | 528 | 200 | 364 | 47.3 ± 7.5 | Adults /general population | BF: , ≥20.6% men, ≥33.4% women, | 9 |
| Kim 2014 (24) | Korea | 12217 | 5313 | 6904 | 3382 | 1575 | 44 | Adults /general population | BF: ≥20.6% men, ≥33.4% women | 8 |
| Kim 2018 (25) | Korea | 3949 | (–) | (-) | 2213 | 868 | (-) | Adults /general population | BF: ≥23.1% men, ≥33.1% women | 6 |
| Sohee Kim 2015 (26) | Korea | 2078 | 1141 | 937 | 1795 | 283 | 53.4 | Adults /general population | BF: ≥25.4 % men, ≥31.4 % women | 8 |
| H. Zhao 2012 (27) | China | 407 | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | (-) | BF: ≥25 % men, ≥35 % women | 5 |
| Tayefi 2019 (28) | Iran | 2439 | (–) | (-) | 1311 | 1128 | 47 | Adults /general population | BF: > 25%men, >30% women | 9 |
| T. Shirasawa 2019 (8) | Japan | 117163 | 82487 | 34676 | 43055 | 12877 | 40-64 | Adults /general population | Waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5 | 10 |
| A. Romero 2010 (6) | USA | 4116 | 2089 | 2027 | 2054 | 2062 | 41.3 | Adults /general population | BF: ≥23.1 % men, ≥33.3 % women | 8 |
| A. S. Olafsdottir 2016 (29) | Iceland | 182 | 96 | 86 | 106 | 76 | 17.7-18.9 | High-school students/ adolescents | BF: > 17.6% men , >31.6% women | 5 |
| F. M. Moy 2015 (30) | Malaysia | 858 | 0 | 858 | 511 | 237 | 40.47 ± 8.9 | Adults /teachers | BF: >28.52% | 6 |
| K. E. Martinez 2017 (31) | USA | 3600 | (-) | (-) | 1624 | 288 | adults | Adults /general population | BF: 27.8 ± 0.2% men, 40.5 ± 0.2 % women | 5 |
| P. Marques-Vidal 2010 (32) | Switzerland | 2301 | 0 | 2301 | 1667 | 173 | 35-75 | Adults/general population whites | BF: ≥38% | 7 |
| F. B. Madeira 2013 2013 (4) | Brazil | 1222 | 546 | 676 | 1111 | 111 | 23-25 | young adults | BF: ≥23% men, ≥30% women | 10 |
| P. J. Liu 2017 (33) | China | 412 | 0 | 412 | 214 | 198 | 55.72 | Post menopause general population women | third tertile of normal weight body fat | 6 |
| C. C. N. Da Silva 2021 (34) | Brazil | 787 | 346 | 441 | 553 | 47 | 23-25 | Young adults | >90th percentile body fat | 10 |
CMRFs, cardio-metabolic risk factors; M,male; F, female; NWNO, normal weight none obese; NWO, normal weight obese; BF, body fat (based on percentage); USA, United State; Q.A, quality assessment based on the Newcastle Ottawa scale (out of 10 points); * all NWOs had BMIs within normal range.