Table 4.
Stratified meta-analysis of association between NWO with CMRFs according to sex.
| variables | No study | Sample size | Pooled odds ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity assessment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-squared % | Model | P-value | ||||
| Hyperglycemia | ||||||
| Overall | 6 | 6,934 | 1.50 (1.23, 1.76)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.958 |
| Both sexes | 3 | 3,363 | 1.46 (1.15, 1.78) | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.684 |
| Female | 3 | 3,571 | 1.58 (1.10, 2.07)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.937 |
| HTN | ||||||
| Overall | 13 | 155,397 | 1.40 (1.28, 1.51)* | 57.30 | Random | 0.005 |
| Both sexes | 5 | 21,659 | 1.56 (1.35, 1.78)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.587 |
| Male | 2 | 87,800 | 1.43 (0.96, 1.90) | 89.50 | Random | 0.002 |
| Female | 6 | 45,938 | 1.25 (1.18, 1.33)* | 25.80 | Fixed | 0.241 |
| High TG | ||||||
| Overall | 6 | 6,934 | 1.90 (1.44, 2.35)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.785 |
| Both sexes | 3 | 3,363 | 1.65 (1.05, 2.24)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.746 |
| Female | 3 | 3,571 | 2.26 (1.55, 2.98)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.924 |
| Low HDL | ||||||
| Overall | 6 | 6,934 | 1.28 (1.06, 1.49)* | 29.80 | Fixed | 0.212 |
| Both sexes | 3 | 3,363 | 1.38 (1.09, 1.67)* | 38.20 | Fixed | 0.198 |
| Female | 3 | 3,571 | 1.15 (0.82, 1.47) | 27.40 | Fixed | 0.252 |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Overall | 7 | 146,676 | 1.39 (1.30, 1.49)* | 9.30 | Fixed | 0.358 |
| Both sexes | 2 | 16,438 | 1.49 (1.11, 1.87)* | 45.5 | Fixed | 0.175 |
| Male | 2 | 87,800 | 1.35 (1.25, 1.45)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.886 |
| Female | 3 | 42,438 | 1.62 (1.38, 1.86)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.878 |
| Metabolic syndrome | ||||||
| Overall | 6 | 36,854 | 1.92 (1.58, 2.26)* | 68.40 | Random | 0.002 |
| Both sexes | 5 | 23,688 | 1.82 (1.38, 2.26)* | 66.40 | Random | 0.018 |
| Female | 2 | 7,762 | 1.79 (1.44, 2.13)* | 0.00 | Fixed | 0.878 |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||
| Overall | 7 | 135,276 | 1.83 (1.61, 2.04)* | 80.00 | Random | <0.001 |
| Both sexes | 3 | 2,737 | 1.73 (0.86, 2.60)* | 45.70 | Random | 0.159 |
| Male | 2 | 87,800 | 2.23 (1.40, 3.06)* | 92.80 | Random | <0.001 |
| Female | 4 | 44,739 | 1.61 (1.52, 1.69)* | 80.00 | Random | <0.001 |
*Statistically significant (P-value < 0.05)
HDL, high-density lipoproteins; TG, triglyceride; HTN, hypertension; No, number; CI, confidence interval; CMRFs, cardio-metabolic risk factors; NWO, Normal weight obesity; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; TG, triglyceride; HTN, hypertension; No, number; CI, confidence interval; CMRFs, cardio-metabolic risk factors; NWO, Normal weight obesity.