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. 2022 Mar 24;9:862277. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862277

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Wang, Liu, Duan, Zhang, Zhang, Peng, Huang and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development of foam cells in atherosclerosis. Monocytes recruit to the area of LDL modification and differentiate into macrophages, which can quickly recognize and absorb modified LDL into foam cells. Besides the modified LDL, the disorder of lipid metabolism in macrophages is another important factor of foam cell production, and the homeostasis of lipid metabolism in macrophages is mainly coordinated by three main processes, including cholesterol uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux.