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. 2022 Apr 4;19:50–74. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.039

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 2 — Stem cell therapies for regeneration and repair of various tissues. (a) Bone tissue regeneration and repair using hBMSC-encapsulated 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) maleimide hydrogels. hMSC in GFOGER-conjugated hydrogels showed higher levels of new bone formation (live animal μCT). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [70]. (b) Cartilage tissue regeneration and repair using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hADMSC)-loaded magnetic PLGA microrobot systems (SEM image of microbot system and Confocal images of hADMSC-microrobot). Microrobot system improved the cartilage regeneration by enhancing the delivery of the hADMSC-microrobot (optical images, H&E staining, and Collagen type II staining). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [64]. (c) Tendon tissue regeneration and repair using decellularized tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) combined with BMSCs cell sheet (images of the cell sheet, dECM scaffold, and Surgical procedure). These scaffolds demonstrated well-orientated collagen, fewer inflammatory cells and, spindle-shaped nuclei (H&E staining). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [86]. (d) Nerve tissue regeneration and repair using baculovirus vector -transduced adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheets (ADSCs sheet image). Neurofilament protein was significantly deposited. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [94]. (e) Dental tissue regeneration and repair using the injectable hybrid RGD-alginate/laponite hydrogel microspheres by encapsulating human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) (confocal images). The hydrogel improved neotissue regeneration (H&E, DMP-1, and CD31 staining). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [100]. (f) Skin tissue regeneration and repair using the ADSC-encapsulated injectable PEGDA/thiolated gelatin hydrogel. ADSC-encapsulated hydrogel promoted the host cell filtration and granulation tissue remodeling (H&E staining). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [105].